1. A walk through the Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
A walk through the Chloroplast

2. Overview
Method of converting sun energy (radiant energy) into chemical energy used by cells
Occurs only in PLANTS, some BACTERIA, and some PROTISTS
Happens inside the CHLOROPLAST

3. Photosynthesis Overall Reaction:
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight  Glucose + Oxygen

4. Overview
Autotrophs: self feeders, organisms capable of making their own food
Photoautotrophs: use sun energy e.g. plants photosynthesis-makes organic compounds (glucose) from light
Chemoautotrophs: use chemical energy e.g. bacteria that use sulfide or methane chemosynthesis-makes organic compounds from chemical energy contained in sulfide or methane

5. Carbon Comes Full Circle
Autotrophs (plants) absorb sun energy to convert into food for themselves (the glucose product) but humans (heterotrophs) use this product as well!
Humans then complete respiration which releases CO2 back to the plants and the process begins again

6. Factors that affect photosynthesis
Amount of water or carbon dioxide
Temperature and pH
Light intensity

7. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
_________________________
Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials needed, so a shortage
can ____________ photosynthesis
AMOUNT OF H2O or CO2
slow or stop

8. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
TEMPERATURE and pH
Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C and at neutral pH levels (~6-8 pH)
At levels above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop

9. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
LIGHT INTENSITY
____________________
More light increases rate of photosynthesis
up to a certain level until plant reaches its
maximum rate of photosynthesis

10. How do plants “breathe?”
Just like we take in oxygen gas, plants must take in their gas (carbon dioxide)
Just like we release carbon dioxide by exhaling, plants must release their gas (oxygen)
STOMATA
Specialized cells on the underside of the leaf

13. Vascular Plants More evolutionary complex than the non-vascular plants
Contain xylem for transporting water up from the ground
Contain phloem for bringing sugars down from the leaves

14. Plant Adaptations Both vascular Different ways to get pollinated
The angiosperms are more evolutionarily complex than the gymnosperms.