1. Territorial Morphology
The shapes of countries and the impact caused by the shape

2. Compact Compact: Should be easiest to administer/rule
note: all small countries are considered compact
impacts: areas close together, aids centralized authority/culture
examples: Rhode Island, Georgia, Seminole County

3. Elongated Elongated: Long countries
impacts: often causes binodal development, many time two cultures emerge/compete
examples: Korea, Florida, California, Lake County

4. Prorupt Prorupt: having a proruption or pan handle
Impacts: Hard to provide services/protection to panhandle, culture in panhandle is often similar to adjacent country
examples: Myanmar, Thailand, Oklahoma, Monroe County

5. Fragmented Fragmented: broken into pieces (fragments)
Impacts: Should be hardest to rule/provide services, can have many languages/cultures with a country like this
examples: Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Japan, Hawaii

6. Vatican City
Perforated: country that has another country (an enclave) within its borders
Impacts: enclave must get along with the one that surrounds it or it can be cut off economically/militarily
examples: South Africa surrounds Lesotho, Italy surrounds San Marino and Vatican City