1. College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

2. Training Requirements
Individuals using multiple chemical procedures or chemicals in a laboratory must receive:
General Laboratory Safety training
Laboratory Safety Training specific to lab in use
Questions? Contact College Safety Officer

3. Training Requirements
General Safety Training Objectives
Awareness of government regulations
Chemical handling and storage
Biohazard handling and storage
Disposal regulations
College safety policies
Questions? Contact College Safety Officer

4. Government Regulations

5. OSHA Laboratory Standard
OSHA Laboratory Standard 29 CFR requirements:
Limiting exposure to airborne contaminants
Assessing exposure to regulated contaminants
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all chemicals
Training requirements for laboratory workers
Medical consultation and exam
Record keeping
Content requirements for Chemical Hygiene Plans

6. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Outline hazard information
Describe physical and chemical properties
Recommend precautions for handling, storage, and disposal
Always read MSDS before working with Chemicals
Information on MSDS include:
Supplier information
Storage & handling procedures
Chemical name & CAS number
Emergency & first aid procedures
Physical & chemical properties
Disposal considerations
Physical hazards
Transportation information
Health hazards
Toxicity data

7. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Supplied by manufacturer
Written and electronic versions available
No MSDS, contact manufacturer (see container label)
No info on label, go online
In lab all MSDS copies for chemicals maintained & available
Written copies of highly toxic, explosive, or reactive chemicals must be maintained in laboratory
Online access to all others
If shipping chemicals must also ship MSDS

8. University Regulations

9. General Laboratory Training from Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
Applies to all laboratories on campus using chemicals
Explains how BYU is in compliance with OSHA laboratory standard
Includes Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) -- mandatory practices
Review CHP prior to working in laboratory using chemicals
Access CHP

10. Hazardous Materials Exposure
Hazardous materials include:
Chemicals recognized to be harmful to people
Infectious biological agents
Radioisotopes / ionizing radiation emitted at harmful levels
Chemical, biohazard, and radiation waste
Hazardous materials enter the body via:
Inhalation*
Skin absorption*
Ingestion
Injection
* Most common pathways for exposure

11. Methods to Control Hazardous Material Exposure
3 methods to minimize exposure:
Work Practice Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Engineering Controls

12. Work Practice Controls: Lab
Reduce exposure duration, frequency, and severity to hazardous chemicals:
Adoption of SOPs
Post hazard signs outside laboratory doors
Post signs on computers, printers in lab if gloves necessary to operate equipment
Minimize exposure time when working with hazardous materials
Restrict access where hazardous materials used
Isolate lab areas carcinogenic/reproductive hazardous chemicals
Wash hands when leaving lab
Limit lab access to authorized individuals
Keep doors close when lab not in use

13. Work Practice Controls: Lab
No children allowed
Prior written approval needed for child between years to enter
No food consumption, storage in a refrigerator or freezer allowed
No application of cosmetics including chap stick/lip balm
No Pets allowed in the labs
Prior approval is needed for guide dogs
Avoid touching your face and nose while wearing gloves
Avoid using your cell phone while wearing gloves
Report:
Unusual occurrences
Unknown people showing interest in laboratory
Ask who someone is, what doing in lab, if you don’t know him/her
If someone doesn’t belong in lab, report him/her to supervisor, the department, college safety coordinator, or University Police

14. Work Practice Controls: Clothing Requirements
DO NOTs
No sandals or open-toed shoes
No loose or hanging clothing
No shorts
Do not wear clothing that exposes any skin other than your arms or face
DOs
Use appropriate personal protective equipment ( i.e gloves, lab coat, etc)
Increased hazards requires additional clothing
Wear clothing like fitted cotton shirts, long denim pants, closed toes shoes

15. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment
1. Gloves: Latex and Nitrile
NEVER WORN IN HALLWAYS OR ELEVATORS
Compatible with chemical or process used
Chemical compatibility and manufacturer information:
fit snuggly –no bagging at fingers or wrist
Double gloving with radioisotopes, carcinogens, etc.
2. Splash Goggles and Face Shields
Impact, chemical or UV protection
Select the correct type for process being used

16. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment
3. Lab Coat or Apron
Protect against minor spills / splashes
Removed before exiting lab
4. Respiratory Protection
Highly toxic chemicals or biological hazards
Special training and fit required
Does not include surgical / dust masks

17. Engineering Controls
Physical barriers minimize exposure, risk or injury
Controls can include:
Chemical hoods
Directional air ventilation
LRC video - “Using Chemical Hoods—A Laboratory Safety Test”
Positive or negative pressure
Gas tank anchors
At 2/3 up (2nd at 1/3 if possible)
Biosafety cabinets (BSC)
Radiation shields
Biosafety cabinet
Radiation shield
Gas tank anchors

18. Signs and Labels

19. NFPA Hazard Warning System (National Fire Protection Association)
The NFPA diamond gives general hazard information
Blue – Health Hazard
Red – Flammability
Yellow – Chemical Reactivity
White – Special Hazard
W - water contact hazard
BIO - biological hazard
- radiation hazard
NFPA ratings for specific chemicals found in MSDS or on most primary containers
Rating system is from 0 to 4
0 - no hazard
4 - severe hazard (can be lethal etc.)

20. Laboratory Hazard Signs
Laboratory hazard signs are provided for emergency responders
Contact information
General hazard information
Created by lab supervisor
How to request a lab sign:
Access the following website
Fill in the lab hazard data (typically less than 5 minutes)
Submit the information
Risk Management will post the sign

21. Container Labeling
There are two types of containers, each is labeled differently:
Primary Containers:
Container shipped from manufacturer with manufacturer’s label
Labels on a primary container MUST NOT BE:
Removed
Refaced
Scribbled out / written over
Correctly labeled primary container
Improperly labeled primary container

22. Container Labeling
There are two types of containers, each is labeled differently:
Secondary Containers:
Container holds contents of a primary container and bears a label by the lab
If contents will be used immediately label is not needed
Labels on a Secondary Container MUST HAVE:
Content’s chemical name as on MSDS (non abbreviated)
Indication of relative hazards of contents i.e. flammable, reactive, oxidizer, corrosive, target organs, etc.
Correct label for secondary container
Improperly labeled secondary container

23. Chemical Storage

24. Chemical Storage Storage basics: Group by compatibility
Store dry and liquid chemicals separately
Store in accordance with temperature requirements
Store flammable chemicals away from ignition sources (i.e., computers, hotplates, burners)
Oxidizers should not be stored on combustible shelving or next to organic chemicals (fuels)
Shelving used for chemical storage must have a lip, rail, or door
Lip keeps chemicals from falling off shelves during earthquakes
Glass panel doors do not qualify

25. Chemical Storage Improper Storage Proper Storage
Place groups of compatible chemicals together
Compatibility found on the chemical label and in the MSDS information
Store dry chemicals separate from liquid chemicals
Store chemicals in accordance with temperature storage requirements
Store flammable chemicals away from ignition sources (i.e., computers, hotplates, burners)
Shelving used for chemical storage must have a lip, rail, or cable
lip keeps chemicals from falling off shelves during earthquakes
glass panel doors do not qualify
Oxidizers should not be stored on combustible shelving or next to organic chemicals (fuels)
Image on right: Improper Storage
Incompatible chemicals stored together
(oxidizers and fuel sources),
no lip, rail, cable, or equivalent
Improper Storage
Incompatible chemicals together
Oxidizers and fuel sources together
Liquid and dry chemicals on same shelf
Proper Storage

26. Liquid Chemical Storage
Liquid chemicals should be stored at or below shoulder level to minimize the potential for liquid spills.
Flammable Liquids: Store in a flammable liquids cabinet. Flammable liquids that require refrigeration must be stored in a fireproof refrigerator or freezer which does not contain any ignition sources.
Liquid Acid and Bases: Store in a corrosives cabinet. Within the cabinet, the acids and bases should be stored in separate plastic tubs or other compatible secondary container.

27. Just-In-Time Acquisition of Chemicals
Get rid of all un-needed chemicals
Contact Chemicals Management at to get rid of old chemicals.
When ordering chemicals, only order the amount currently needed for that semester - don’t order excess.
Note: Some chemicals are more dangerous the longer they are stored (i.e. peroxide forming chemicals like ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran).
Benefits:
Minimization of accidents, fires, or other events.
More efficient use of storage space.
Lowered expense (consider - less inventory, storage facilities, spill response measures and equipment, etc.)

28. BioSafety

29. Principles of Biosafety
4/1/2017
Principles of Biosafety
Lab Practices and Techniques:
Knowledgeable supervisor
Personnel
Aware of potential hazards
Proficient in practices/techniques
Biosafety manual specific to lab
Decontaminate work surfaces daily
Always wash hands when leaving
Restrict or limit access to the lab when working
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

30. Principles of Biosafety
4/1/2017
Principles of Biosafety
Safety Equipment (Engineering Controls):
Biosafety cabinets (BSCs)
Not the same as chemical hoods
Certified for different organisms types (level 2 or 3)
Personal protective clothing
Gloves
Gowns
Pipetting devices – No mouth pipetting permitted.
Safety centrifuge cups and rotors
Eye and face protection
BSL3 level only:
Respiratory protection
Double door entry
Directional inward airflow
Single-pass air
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

31. Principles of Biosafety
4/1/2017
Principles of Biosafety
Biosafety Levels 1-3
Biosafety Level 1 (BSL1): The basic level for agents that are not known to be human pathogens in normal healthy humans.
Examples used here at BYU: E. Coli K12
Level of most teaching labs in the College
Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2): Moderate-risk agents that cause human disease. These diseases are not usually fatal. Infection path is most commonly through ingestion or mucous membrane exposure.
Examples used here at BYU: Staph, Strep A, E. Coli O157:H7
Some research and teaching labs
Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3): High-risk agents that have potential for serious and potentially lethal infections as a result of exposure by the inhalation route in humans. Most agents can be treated with antibiotics or vaccines.
Examples used here at BYU: HIV
Biosafety Level 4 (BSL4): High-risk agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted infections which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which no known treatments are available.
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

32. 4/1/2017
Biosafety Level 1
Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices
Personal protective clothing:
Gloves, lab coats, eye protection
Work is generally conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices
Wash hands when done
Wash work surfaces daily
Limit lab access to authorized personnel
Eating, drinking and applying cosmetics are prohibited
Examples: E. Coli K12, Varicella (Chicken Pox)
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

33. 4/1/2017
Biosafety Level 2
Suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. Includes various bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting
Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices:
Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted. Doors must be closed at all times
Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items
Biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with infectious agents involving:
Aerosols and splashes
Large volumes
High concentrations
Biosafety manual specific to lab
Immunizations may be required by your Faculty mentor before working in the lab
Examples: Measles virus, E. Coli O157:H7, Salmonellae, Hepatitis A, B, and C
Immunization or antibiotic treatment is available
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

34. 4/1/2017
Biosafety Level 3
Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route.
Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: BSL1 and 2 plus laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents
Separate, isolated zone with double door entry
Directional inward airflow with signal-pass air
Restricted access, always
Criteria for entry (e.g. immunization)
Biosafety cabinets class III
Annual medical testing (e.g. TB skin test)
Know symptoms of pathogens you are working with in laboratory
Maintain lab entry log
Examples: M. tuberculosis, B. anthracis(anthrax), HIV. Infection serious, possibly lethal. Treatments or immunizations are available
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories

35. Spills and Waste Disposal

36. Clean Release / Spills What Can and Cannot be Cleaned up
Some chemical, biological, or radioisotope releases can be cleaned up, whereas other releases create an emergency (evacuate).
Laboratories must determine what can and cannot be cleaned up should a release occur.
Materials used to clean-up spills must be treated as hazardous waste, placed in the proper container, labeled, and provided to Chemicals Management.
Do not place paper towels or other materials used for clean-up in the trash.
For help, contact Risk Management and Safety , Chemicals Management , or College Safety Coordinator

37. Hazardous Releases / Spills BE PREPARED
A spill kit, adequate with supplies needed to clean up materials that may spill, needs to be created and ready to use in the lab at all times.
A basic spill kit generally consists of:
Spill Pillows
Inert absorbent material (sand will usually work)
Dust Pan & Broom
Splash Goggles
Pair of Chemical Resistant Nitrile Gloves
Pair of Booties
A Lab Apron
Properly Labeled Waste Disposal Bags

38. Regulated Waste Disposal
Most waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash.
Chemicals Management will dispose of:
Chemical waste
Other Wastes
Aqueous
Batteries
Solid
Oil-bearing devices
Other
Circuit boards
Biohazardous waste
Aerosol cans
Radioactive waste
Sharps
In sharps container only
Chemicals Management can not dispose of:
Mixed waste (any mix of the above wastes)

39. Regulated Waste Disposal
Most waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash.
Glass: Dispose in a sturdy cardboard box –not the trash
Rinsed empty chemical bottles
Large pieces of broken glass
When full – seal tightly and mark broken glass for custodians to remove
If from acutely hazardous material it is managed as hazardous waste
Contact Chemicals Management for waste storage containers and waste pickups at: or
Click on “Hazardous Waste Pickup”

40. Disposing of Chemical Waste
Use waste containers provided by Chemicals Management
Label waste containers with the proper labels (those provided by Chemicals Management)
Have waste containers removed from the lab within 3 days of being filled.
Containers must be closed at all times except when adding or removing waste.
Incompatible wastes must be kept segregated.
Contact Chemicals Management ( ) for waste disposal

41. Disposing of Biohazardous Waste
Liquid Biohazardous Waste: Autoclave or disinfect with bleach and flush down the drain. Then disinfect the sink with additional bleach
Solid Biohazardous Waste: All waste should, except sharps, be double bagged before being disposed
Must be packaged in either a red biohazard bag, or a bag which is labeled as biohazardous and displays the biohazard symbol.
All Sharps are treated as a biohazard and should be disposed of in a sharps container separate from other biohazard waste.
All Petri dishes are treated as a biohazard, even if they are clean, and should be disposed in a biohazard bag. DO NOT PLACE IN THE NORMAL TRASH!
Low-risk biohazardous waste can be picked up by Chemicals Management. Request a biohazardous container.
High-risk biohazardous waste must be autoclaved and then received by Chemicals Management.
Animal remains or specimens must be frozen by the lab before disposal by Chemicals Management

42. Disposing of Radioactive Waste
All radioactive waste must be segregated by isotope
Containers must be labeled with the isotope, the amount in microcuries, the lab number, and the date.
Liquids: Call Chemicals Management for more information
Solids: Must contain NO liquid (including droplets)
Collect waste in clear plastic bags. Insure that the bags are labeled (see above) and closed before being received by Chemicals Management for disposal.
Radioactive sharps need to be separate from Biohazardous sharps. Do not use a red biohazard sharps container for radioactive sharps.

43. Other Safety Issues

44. Housekeeping
A well kept lab coincides with better research and a safe work environment
Keep carcinogenic and / or reproductive hazardous chemicals in a designated area to minimize exposure and contamination
Dispose of trash when it is generated. Prevent accumulation of waste
Don’t place empty bottles and other trip hazards in a walkway.
Keep chemicals and glassware away from the edge of counters.
Spills need to be cleaned up when generated.
Good Housekeeping
Poor Housekeeping

45. Emergency Equipment Eyewash/ Shower
Suitable eyewash/shower stations must be immediately accessible and usable to lab personnel that are using chemicals that could injure the eyes/skin.
Rinse for minutes
Remove contacts (if present) while washing eyes
Seek medical help as soon as possible
Not Suitable
Suitable

46. Specific Laboratory Training
Lab training must include:
The physical and health hazards of the chemicals being used in the laboratory
How individuals can protect themselves while using hazardous materials
Which PPE is required for the lab
How to detect a release of chemicals or biohazards
What to do if a release occurs (clean-up or evacuate the lab/building?)
Specific lab training provided by those in charge of the lab

47. End of Safety Training Document Your Training
Document and receive credit for your training by completing the General Life Sciences Laboratory Safety Test online.
Log into blackboard
Quiz is located in the Life Sciences Safety and Compliance Organization
80% score needed to be pass
If you have any questions please contact Rebecca Scholl, Life Sciences Safety Coordinator ( )
Lab specific training must also be documented.