1. Spain
“The Golden Age”

2. Fanatically wanted to re-impose Catholicism in Europe
Philip II
Father: Charles V
Fanatically wanted to re-impose Catholicism in Europe
Oversaw Spain’s “Golden Age”

4. Escorial: New Royal Palace that symbolized the power of Philip II

6. Muslim Turks

7. Spain vs. Turks Mediterranean Battle of Lepanto: Spain won
To secure the region for Christian merchants
Battle of Lepanto: Spain won
Religion was a big theme: Similar to the earlier Christian Crusades
Ended the threat from the Ottoman Turks

8. Spain vs the Dutch Spain had control over modern-day Netherlands
Why would Spain want to hold on to the Low Countries?
Center of northern trade network and finance
Tolerant and cosmopolitan

11. Charles V was from Flanders, which is in the region of the Netherlands-he was one of them.
Phillip was thought of as a foreign King, a Spaniard who lived in Spain.

12. After 1560 many Calvinists fled to the Netherlands to escape the religious wars in France.

13. How could Spain spend so many resources on this Catholic crusade?
Wealth from the Hapsburg family income
Donations from across the Catholic kingdoms
Economic alliance with the Hanseatic League
Riches from the New World
Trade with the East

14. Fearing the Spanish Inquisition would arrive
Revolt Against Spain 1566
Fearing the Spanish Inquisition would arrive
What do you do to prevent persecution?
The Calvinist faction destroyed some 400 Catholic Churches

15. Council of Troubles
Phillip II, appalled by sacrilege sent in the inquisition, Spanish troops & the Duke of Alva
Alva’s Council sentenced thousands to death, confiscated Nobles estates-both Catholic & Calvinist

16. Pacification of Ghent
In reaction to Spanish Fury - Spanish Mercenaries kill 7,000 in Antwerp
Unified all 17 provinces
Gave provinces religious sovereignty

17. William I (of Orange)
Led revolt of 17 provinces against the Spanish Inquisition

18. United Provinces of the Netherlands formed in 1581 (Dutch Republic)
Major blow to Philip’s goal of maintaining Catholicism throughout his empire.
Protestant

19. Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium)
the 10 southern provinces remained under Spain’s control

20. Dutch Protestants Received Aid From
England
English feared the Spanish movement into the Netherlands-”the pistol pointed at the heart of England”

22. Spain vs
England

23. Mary Tudor
Catholic
Replaced by?
QE1
Protestant

24. England to Return to Catholicism
Phillip Wanted
Revenge!
England’s Aid to the Netherlands
England to Return to Catholicism

25. Spanish Armada 1588

26. Signaled the rise of England as a world naval power
A Terrible storm & England’s Navy (smaller but faster) destroyed the seemingly invincible Spanish Armada
Signaled the rise of England as a world naval power
End to Spain’s Golden Age?
Arguable

28. In which of the following ways was Philip II successful in promoting his Catholic crusade?
Achieving a political marriage to Elizabeth I of England.
Maintaining religious uniformity throughout the Netherlands.
Defeating the Turks at the naval battle at Lepanto.
Forging a military alliance with Catherine de Medicis of France.
Preventing the spread of Calvinism to French-controlled territories in Italy.