1. Introduction to Anatomy and Kinesiology

2. Introduction
A major goal of exercise training is improve cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness.

3. Introduction
Physiological adaptation of muscle to exercise training is evidenced by improvements in:
Muscle Strength
Muscle Endurance
Flexibility
Resistance to Injury

4. Introduction
Why is it important for a personal trainer to have a thorough understanding of the principles of body alignment and kinesiology principles?
So that the personal trainer can design safe, effective and efficient exercise training programs to improve musculoskeletal fitness.

5. Introduction
Two disciplines primarily involved in describing human movement:
Biomechanics: study of mechanical laws related to motions
Kinesiology: Study of motion

6. Introduction Kinesiology studies: Gait Body Alignment Posture
Ergonomics and Work
Sports and Exercise Movements
Activities of Daily Living

7. Activities of Daily Living
Routine activities that people tend to do everyday without needing assistance

8. Activities of Daily Living
Eating
Dressing
Bathing
Toileting
Walking
Continence

9. Anatomical Position
Body is erect with feet together and the upper limbs positioned at the sides, palms of the hands forward, thumbs facing away from the body and fingers extended

10. Three Planes that pass through the body
Sagittal: Divides the body into right and left halves
Frontal: Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

11. Three Planes that pass through the body

12. Movements that occur in the 3 Planes of Motion
Sagittal: Any motion that occurs going forward, bicep curl, walking lunge
Frontal: Any movement that occurs on the side, lateral hops, hip abduction, jumping jacks, also includes overhead presses
Transverse: Any rotational movements that involve twisting and turning – swinging a bat or throwing a ball
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13. Identify Which plane of motion the following exercises occur – Answers on Last Slides
Leg Extension
Lateral Raise
Bicycle Crunch

14. Center of Gravity

15. Introduction
An objects Center of Gravity is the theoretical point where the weight force of the object can be considered to act. It changes with movement and depends on body position.

16. Introduction
The line of gravity is an imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity and is typically assessed while the subject is standing. The line of gravity helps define proper body alignment and posture.

17. Postural Abnormalities Observed via Center of GRavity
Rounded shoulders
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Forward Head Posture
Pelvic Tilt
Muscular imbalances

18. Explain the role that the line of gravity plays….
An older adult stands with the feet far apart and toes turned outward
The individual is creating a larger, wider base of support (within which the line of gravity falls) in order to improve stability and balance

19. Explain the role that the line of gravity plays….
A client performs resistance training with dumbbells
The line of gravity must act in direct opposition to the line of movement if the exercise is going to safely and effectively target the working muscles

20. Explain the role that the line of gravity plays….
An athlete runs during a cardiovascular workout
The line of gravity shifts beyond the base of support during running and the individual moves to reestablish a new base of support with each step

21. Answers

22. Identify Which plane of motion the following exercises occur – Answers on Last Slides
Leg Extension - Saggittal
Lateral Raise - Frontal
Bicycle Crunch - Transverse