1. Unit 1 Powerpoint Chapters 1 & 2 What do you think. What is Capital…
Unit 1 Powerpoint Chapters 1 & 2 What do you think? What is Capital…. Solar Capital, Social Capital, Earth Capital?

2. Capital I think of capital as …Value…..
Social Capital… When you think about yourself… How good is you word?

3. Solar Capital and Earth Capital
Energy from the sun
Provides 99% of the energy used on earth
Earth Capital
Life-support and Economic Services
Environment
Planet’s air, water, soil, wildlife, minerals, natural purification, recycling, pest control,…

4. Introduction Environment Ecology Environmental Science
External conditions that affect living organisms
Ecology
Study of relationships between living organisms and their environment
Environmental Science
how nature works.
how the environment effects us.
how we effect the environment.
how we can live more sustainably without degrading our life-support system.

5. Which would you vote on… Public or Private control of Natural Resources?
Think Back…
The New Oil…Public or Private and why?
Fishing Game…Common lands… Public or Private…Why?
What is the difference?
Consider location… Bolivia, US…. How are they different?

6. Life without water!

7. Carrying Capacity
Lets go fishing… Your pond could only support 40 fish…Explain
What would happen if you put too many fish?
The maximum number of organisms of a local, regional, or global environment can support over a specified period
Variables
Location
Time
Short term ~ seasonal changes
Long-term ~global changes in factors such as climate
Technology
K.. Carrying Capacity is NOT STATIC…
Explain…..

8. Sustainability Here is the Deal…
The ability of a specified system to survive and function over time
$1,000,000
10% interest
Live on up to $100,000 per year
Examples: Sustainable earth, resource harvest, and society
Here is the Deal…
Can your way of life support your children’s, children’s children?????
That is sustainability!

9. Sustainable Development
Assumes the right to use the earth’s resources and earth capital to meet needs
It is our obligation to create sustainability
Environmentally sustainable societies meets basic needs of its people in a just and equitable manner without degrading the natural capital that supplies these resources.

10. Potentially Renewable
Resources
Renewable
Non-Renewable
Potentially Renewable
Direct solar energy
Fossil fuels
Fresh air
Winds, tides, flowing water
Metallic minerals (iron, copper, aluminum)
Fresh water
Nonmetallic minerals (clay, sand, phosphates)
Fertile soil
Plants and animals (biodiversity)

11. Biodiversity Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Ecological Diversity
Variety in a genetic makeup among individuals within a single species
Species Diversity
Variety among the species or distinct types of living organisms found in different habitats of the planet
Ecological Diversity
Variety of forests, deserts, grasslands, streams, lakes, oceans, wetlands, and other communities

12. Environmental Degradation
Common Property Resources
Tragedy of the Commons
Resources owned by none, but available to all users free of charge
May convert potentially renewable resources into nonrenewable resources

13. Natural capital degradation
The exponential increasing flow of material resources through the world’s economic systems depletes, degrades and pollutes the environment.
Figure 1-11

14. Nonrenewable Resources
Nonrenewable/Exhaustible Resources
Exist in a fixed quantity in the earth’s crust and can be used up
Mineral
Any hard, usually crystalline material that is formed naturally
Reserves
Known deposits from which a usable mineral can be profitably extracted at current prices

15. Nonrenewable Resources
Recycling
Collecting and reprocessing a resource into new products
Reuse
Using a resource over and over in the same form

16. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONS
The major causes of environmental problems are:
Population growth
Wasteful resource use
Poverty
Poor environmental accounting
Ecological ignorance

17. Poverty and Environmental Problems
1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe malnutrition.
Figure 1-12 and 1-13

18. Our Ecological Footprint
Humanity’s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity.
Figure 1-7

19. Pollution
Any addition to air, water, soil, or food that threatens the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms
Solid, liquid, or gaseous by-products or wastes

20. Point Source Pollutants
From a single, identifiable sources
Smokestack of a power plant
Drainpipe of a meat-packing plant
Exhaust pipe of an automobile

21. Nonpoint Source Pollutants
Dispersed and often difficult to identify sources
Runoff of fertilizers and pesticides
Storm Drains (#1 source of oil spills in oceans)

22. Negativity of Pollutant
Chemical Nature
How active and harmful it is to living organisms
Concentration
Amount per unit volume or weight of air, water, soil or body weight
Persistence
Time it stays in the air, water, soil or body

23. Types of Pollutants
Factors that determine the severity of a pollutant’s effects: chemical nature, concentration, and persistence.
Pollutants are classified based on their persistence:
Degradable pollutants
Biodegradable pollutants
Slowly degradable pollutants
Nondegradable pollutants

24. Water Pollution Sediment Nutrient overload Toxic chemicals
Infectious agents
Oxygen depletion
Pesticides
Oil spills
Excess heat

25. Air Pollution Global climate change Stratospheric ozone depletion
Urban air pollution
Acid deposition
Outdoor pollutants
Indoor pollutants
Noise

26. Solution: Pollution cleanup
Output Pollution Cleanup
Involves cleaning up pollutants after they have been produced
Most expensive and time consuming

27. Solutions: Pollution Prevention
Input Pollution Control or Throughput Solution
Slows or eliminates the production of pollutants, often by switching to less harmful chemicals or processes
Four R’s
Reduce, reuse, refuse, recycle