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Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
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Root Words De Separation Dehydration Extra Outside Extracellular Im
Not Imbalance Intra Within Intracellular Neutr Neither one neutral
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Body Fluids Your body is 66% water
Not evenly distributed – separated into compartments Able to move back and forth through the cell membranes to maintain an equilibrium
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Water Balance Exists when total water intake equals total water output
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Fluid Compartments Intracellular fluid – fluid inside cells [ICF]
Extracellular fluid – fluid outside cells and all other body fluids Interstitial fluid- Solution that surrounds cells of eukaryotes
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Edema Condition in which fluid accumulates in the interstitial compartment. Sometimes due to blockage of lymphatic vessels or by a lack of plasma proteins or sodium retention
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Fluid Balance Average daily intake is 2500 ml [ fluids, food and metabolic water] Average daily output is 2500 ml [ urine, feces, perspiration, talking]
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Electrolytes Molecules that release ions in water.
Can affect amount of water, pH balance, and muscle function
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Common Electrolytes Calcium. Chloride. Magnesium. Phosphorus.
Potassium. Sodium.
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Electrolyte Balance Concentration of individual electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes are dissolved in body fluids
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Electrolyte Balance Because of sodium and potassium influence, water will move between compartments Example: if high [sodium], then water will move from intracellular space to extracellular space due to osmotic pressure
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Acid - Base Balance Blood - normal pH of 7.2 – 7.45
3 buffer systems to maintain normal blood pH Copy Table 18.1 on page 500
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Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance
Blood pH levels change depending on dissolved solutions Increased levels of CO2 will make blood more acidic.
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Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance
Blood pH levels change depending on dissolved solutions Increased levels of CO2 will make blood more acidic. Respiratory System: removal of CO2 by lungs – stabilizes the ECF Urinary System: removal of H+ ions by kidneys
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