1. Warm Up
Why did trench warfare develop during WWI?

2. Objective
Students will explain the reasons for US rejection of the Treaty of Versailles.

3. The End of the War and Treaty
WWI Pt. 3
The End of the War and Treaty

4. End of the War War ends with armistice- agreement to stop fighting
Now leaders from each country meet to agree to a treaty
They meet in Versailles (pronounces ver-sigh) in France
What do you think the winning side (Allies) wants from the losing side (Central Powers)?

5. Wilson’s Plan and the Treaty
US Pres Wilson comes up with his own plan to make sure another world war doesn’t happen called Wilson’s 14 Points
Address most of the causes of WWI (MAIN, SLUTZ)
Wants most of his ideas to be used in the Treaty
Other countries don’t like it and don’t listen to most of his ideas

6. Wilson’s 14 Points Both Treaty of Versailles- 1919 League of Nations
Wilson’s plan to prevent future wars
Some ideas were included in Treaty of Versailles (that ended the war), many were ignored
14 Points’ Ideas
Major idea: League of Nations: peace keeping organization
Said do NOT punish Germany
Open covenants of peace w/ no hidden agendas
No hidden alliances, no secret alliances
Freedom of navigation of seas- no unrestricted submarine warfare
Equal trade- prevent competition from imperialism
Reduction of national armaments- no militarism
Adjusting colonial borders in interest of natives- give them input
Political independence for nations
Self-determination- allowing people to decide their own future
League of Nations
Self-determination for Poland
Formal agreement to end WWI
Not ratified (not approved) by the US
Terms of the Treaty
Redrew European boundaries- new countries
Austria-Hungary split into Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
Blamed Germany, required it to pay reparations ($$ for damages) to Allies, took away colonies; limit military
Wanted to weaken Germany so they couldn’t try and take over again (spoiler: doesn’t work)
Harsh treatment of Germany eventually led to Nazism
Re-drew boundaries for colonies and started new nations (withOUT input from natives; created more conflict)
Created League of Nations (a general association of nations)

8. Why did the Allied Powers reject Wilson’s ideas regarding Germany?

11. Practice
During World War I, what was President Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in outlining the Fourteen Points? A) asking Congress for additional funding for the war effort B) suggesting a peace plan to prevent future wars C) proposing war crimes trials for leaders of enemy nations D) calling for military alliances against aggressor

12. Practice
During World War I, what was President Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in outlining the Fourteen Points?
A) asking Congress for additional funding for the war effort
B) suggesting a peace plan to prevent future wars
C) proposing war crimes trials for leaders of enemy nations
D) calling for military alliances against aggressor

14. Treaty Opposition
Treaties have to be approved by the Senate (so the Pres can’t get too crazy)
Many senators (and Americans) didn’t like the Treaty of Versailles
Henry Cabot Lodge (congressman- remember him?) led the opposition to (was the main one against) the Treaty
Led other Senators against Treaty
Said isolationism was American policy, not involvement with other countries
Thought the treaty would make us too involved in problems with other countries
It might pull us into another big war

15. Treaty Opposition Treaty NOT ratified by US;
Henry Cabot Lodge opposes the Treaty
Isolationism was American policy, not involvement in other countries
Treaty not ratified by the US; so no League of Nations
League of Nation fails
Treaty NOT ratified by US;
So no League of Nations (even though it was our idea. . .)
League of Nations fails because no muscle to back it up

16. Practice
Which factor was the basis of the United States Senate’s opposition to the League of Nations after World War I? A) rejection by President Woodrow Wilson of internationalism B) fear of becoming involved in another European war C) high financial cost of membership D) concern over communist control of international organizations

17. Practice
Which factor was the basis of the United States Senate’s opposition to the League of Nations after World War I? A) rejection by President Woodrow Wilson of internationalism B) fear of becoming involved in another European war C) high financial cost of membership D) concern over communist control of international organizations

18. Effects of the War
30 million casualties (10 million deaths/20 mil wounded)
320,000 American casualties/ 116k deaths

19. Effects of the War “War to end all wars”- led to anti-war efforts
Kellog-Braind Pact of “outlawed” wars of aggression- how do you think that works out?
Never wanted another war like that again

20. STAAR Practice

21. Big Idea
Why did the US fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?