1. Classifying Chemical Compounds

2. Classifying Compounds
We already know how to classify compounds based on the type of bond they form.
Ionic
Covalent
We already know how classify compounds into other categories
Acids
Bases

3. Classifying _________________ and Inorganic Compounds

4. Today’s Objectives Be able to define and recognize:
Inorganic Compounds
Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons
Alcohols
Become familiar with the 3 models of Organic Compounds:
Structural Formula
Ball-and-stick Model
Space-Filling Model
Become more confident at recognizing Combustion Equations

5. Every compound in the world is classified as either Organic, or Inorganic
Did you know that well over 50% of all known compounds on earth are Organic compounds??

6. Organic compounds
In the early 19th Century scientists found out that living organisms produced a large number of compounds containing Carbon!
Today we know that Organic compounds contain carbon (C) (and usually hydrogen (H))
Sometimes other types of atoms are also attached, including: oxygen, halogens, and nitrogen

7. HCl H4C CH4 Organics vs Acids Organic molecules always have
C before H in their formulas.
H4C
CH4
HCl
This differentiates organic
compounds from acids,
which almost always start with H.

8. Is that why foods are called “organic”?
Organic actually derives from “coming from life”, because the compounds that plants and animals make are all C-compounds
This is not the meaning of organic foods though!
In this case organic foods refer to being produced without chemicals (ironically many of these chemicals are actually ORGANIC compounds!)

9. Inorganic Compounds CO CO2
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon… with 3 exceptions:
Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide
Compounds containing cyanide (CN- ) and carbonate (CO3-) ions
Acids containing C—these can be identified because H is written before the C! CO
CO2

10. CARBON
Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell, which allows for more chemical bonding possibilities than any other element.
Long chains of carbons form petroleum and plastics
Some cyclic (“circular”) rings of carbons form pesticides
The acetaminophen molecule:
the active ingredient in Tylenol

11. Complex Carbon Chains

12. There are 2 Types of Organic compounds
Hydrocarbons
Alcohols

13. Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon “backbone”, or chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sides
All hydrocarbons are flammable, and most are liquids are room temperature

14. Hydrocarbons Methane (CH4)--- main component of natural gas
The simplest hydrocarbons are ones that you might recognize…
Methane (CH4)--- main component of natural gas
Ethane (C2H6)--- also found in natural gas
Propane (C3H8) --- used as a fuel for BBQs
Butane (C4H10) --- an extremely flammable fluid used in industrial torches
Octane (C8H18)---a combustible liquid in gasoline

15. Alcohols are organic compounds with C, H and O.
Alcohols are generally very flammable

16. Alcohols The simplest alcohols are:
Methanol (CH4O)--- used in labs as a solvent, but causes blindness!
Ethanol (C2H6O)---is a psychoactive drug (present in alcohol), but is now being considered as a fuel source
Isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O)---rubbing alcohol used to sterilize cuts

17. ORGANIC OR NOT???
DNA
ORGANIC---DNA is has a sugar backbone, which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

18. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Vegetable Oil
ORGANIC--- oils and fats are long-chain carbon compounds, which are used by living things as a way of storing energy

19. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Sulphuric Acid
NOT! Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is the strong acid found in car batteries, but doesn’t contain carbon and isn’t organic

20. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Corn starch
ORGANIC! Starch is produced by plants as a way of storing sugars that they don’t need right away

21. ORGANIC OR NOT??? Copper (II) Sulphate
NOT! Copper (II) sulphate is a beautiful blue crystal, but does not contain carbon and is definitely not organic!

22. Three different representations:
Structural formula- lists the elements and their proportions in the order they are bonded
Methane CH4
Methanol CH3OH
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
CH3COOH

23. Three different representations:
Ball-and-stick model- each element is given a different colour and/or size and the picture shows how many and how the elements are bonded
Each black ball represent C… Each white ball represents H…
The red ball represents O…
This is Ethanol! (alcohol group -0H)

24. Three different representations:
Space-filling model- similar to a ball-and-stick model, but an animated model that shows how elements are connected
Methylisocyanate- a valuable synthetic component for biology CH3N=C=S
Heme- the iron-containing component of hemoglobin, C34H32FeN4O4

25. Combustion Reaction of Ethanol
All Combustion Reaction have HEAT as a Product!
C2H50H O2  3 3
H2O CO2 2
EXOTHERMIC
Carbon Dioxide gas
Alcohol
Oxygen Gas
Water