1. EUT 122 Skills and Technology in Communication
Miss Zainab Nazar Khalil Wafi
Miss Wan Nor Ashiqin Wan Ali
Lecturers IKOM / Jajawi

2. Topic 2 : Introduction to Computers

3. Information Age What is information age?
Information Age means by globally connected, service and information-intense, digitally based culture.
Information means conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people or a collection of facts (data) organized in some way so that they are meaningful to a recipient.
Age mean era.

4. Information Age Example:
Information Age offers freedom to students to learn and educators to teach, regardless of time, place, ethically or social and economic status. IT allows educators to diagnose in very particular ways the needs and talents of students.

5. Information Age Data – Unprocessed items
Information – A collection of data organized in some way so that it create meaning.

6. A World of Computers What is computer literacy? Knowledge Worker
To produce
What is computer literacy?
Knowledge
Worker
Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
Computers are everywhere

7. Computer Generation The Mechanical Era (1623-1945)
In 17th Century, Mathematicians designed and implemented calculators that capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
An machine by Charles Babbage’s was arguably the first to be used in computational sciences.
1890, Herman Hollerith’s came out with punch-card equipment to tabulate data.
1911, Hollerith’s company merged with a competitor to found the corporation which in 1924 became International Business Machine (IBM).

8. Computer Generation 1st Generation Electronic Computers (1937-1953)
The first electronic computer designed by John Vincent Atanasoff in 1939 but not successfully built. But during World War II, first working digital computer so called COLLOSSUS and first programmable computer called ENIAC was developed by Eckert and Mauchly. The SAGE system which produced breakthroughs in computer memory, data communications and display technologies was inspired by military needs.
Used old-fashioned vacuum tubes like the ones in early radios – ENIAC.

9. Computer Generation 2nd Generation Electronic Computers (1954-1962)
Many high level programming languages were introduced including FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958) and COBOL (1959).
This generation saw two supercomputers designed for the purposes of numeric processing in scientific applications.
Used transistors.

10. Computer Generation 3rd Generation Electronic Computers (1963-1972)
An introduction of integrated circuits (IC), operating systems and time-sharing.
Integrated circuits with thousand of transistors on a single silicon computer “chip”.

11. Computer Generation 4th Generation Electronic Computers (1972-1984)
An introduction of large scale integration and very large scale integration in construction of computing elements.
Semiconductors memories replaced core memories as the main memory systems.

12. Computer Generation 5th Generation Electronic Computers (1984-1990)
Saw the introduction of machines with hundreds of processors that could all be working on different parts of a single program.
By 1990, it was possible to build chips with a million components and semiconductors memories became standard on all computers.
The used computer networks and single-user workstations.

13. Computer Generation 6th Generation Electronic Computers (1990- )
This generation saw many parallel computing, both in the hardware and parallel systems improved .
The explosive growth in wide area networking, network bandwidth has expanded.
A broad spectrum of issues ranging from high performance computing to expanded network access and the necessity to make leading edge technologies available to educate people.

14. What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined?
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Produces and stores results

15. Produces information (output)
What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
1. Input
2. System Unit (Process)
3. Output
4. Storage
5. Communication
Collects data (input)
Processing
Produces information (output)
Information Processing Cycle

16. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Camera
Stylus
Graphic tablet

17. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Case containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

18. The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

19. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that
conveys information to one or more people
Speaker
Printer

20. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

21. The Components of a Computer - Storage
What is a floppy disk?
Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell

22. The Components of a Computer - Storage
What is a USB flash drive?
Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk
Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket

23. The Components of a Computer - Storage
What is a compact disc?
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM

24. The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

25. Why Computer So Powerful?
What are the advantages of using computers?
Reliability
Speed
Consistency
Storage
Communications

26. Disadvantages of Using Computers?
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Violation of Privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment

27. Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together
via communications devices and transmission media.
Communications Device
Transmission Media
Cables
Satellites
Enables a connection between computers
Cellular radio
Telephone lines
One type is a modem

28. Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons of using network?
To share
Resources
Hardware devices
Software programs
Then save time and money
Data
Information

29. Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
A server is a computer manages the resources on a network
Clients: computers devices access the resources on the server

30. Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

31. Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications – , FB, Twitter
2. Information – Google Scholar
3. Shopping - mudah.my, amazon.com
4. Banking and Investing - Cimb Clicks, Maybank2u
5. Download Videos – bit torrent, 4shared
6. Entertainment – era.fm, dramacrazy.net

32. Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages
You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo sharing community

33. Computer Software What is software?
Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
Also called a program

34. Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information

35. Computer Software There’re two categories : 1) System software
2) Application software

36. Computer Software What is system software?
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. It serves as the interface between the user, application software and hardware.
Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

37. Presentation Graphics
Computer Software
What is application software?
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word Processing

38. Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?

39. Computer Software What is a programmer?
Javascript program
What is a programmer?
Someone who develops application or system software
Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information
Resulting Internet application

40. Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers (Desktop)
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Midrange Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers

41. Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal computers?
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)

42. Personal Computers What is a desktop computer?
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table

43. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop computer
Generally more expensive than a desktop computer

44. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
Especially useful for taking notes

45. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are mobile devices?
Small enough to carry in a pocket
Internet-enabled telephone is a “smart phone”

46. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?
Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people
Small enough to fit in one hand

47. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book

48. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones and smart watches?
A smart watch is an Internet-enabled watch that automatically adjusts to time zone changes and stores personal information
A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities

49. Servers What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

50. Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer?
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
What is an embedded computer?

51. Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures

52. Elements of an Information System
Hardware – must be reliable and capable of handling workload.
Software – must be developed carefully and tested thoroughly.
Data – must be accurate in order to avoid “garbage in, garbage out”.
People – Staff should be skilled and fully equipped with latest technology.
Procedures – Availability of documented procedures in term of operating the computer and how to use the applications.

53. Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?
Personal financial management
Web access
Entertainment
Communications

54. Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?
Productivity software
Specialty software
Web usage
Make telephone calls

55. Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for a mobile user?
Hardware
Notebook computers
Software
Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics software
Listening music
Transfer information

56. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user?
Speed and large amounts of storage
Usage
Working with multimedia
Use industry-specific software
Types of power users
Engineers
Scientists
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists

57. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?
Communicate among employees
Process high volumes of transactions
Blog

58. Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples of computer applications in society?
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry

59. Thank You
See you next Class