1. with emphasis on data comparability
Results of WStatR data analysis
with emphasis on data comparability
Jürgen Gonser
ARGUS
THE CONTRACTOR IS ACTING UNDER A FRAMEWORK CONTRACT CONCLUDED WITH THE COMMISSION
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

2. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Contents
Waste generation data for the period 2004 – 2014
Important aspects for data comparability / data quality
Scope of waste statistics:
Agricultural and forestry material
Waste  by-products
Complete coverage of data
Coherence of data
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

3. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Waste generation EU-28,
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

4. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Waste generation excl. major mineral wastes in EU countries,
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

5. Definition of Waste (Art. 3(1)):
Scope of WStatR (1)
The waste definition of the Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC (WFD) is the basis of EU waste statistics:
WStatR covers all waste in the meaning of the WFD unless explicitly excluded
Materials that are not considered as waste according to the WFD are not subject to WStatR (products, by-product, …)
Definition of Waste (Art. 3(1)):
‘Waste’ means any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

6. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Scope of WStatR (2)
Wastes / materials excluded from the scope of the WStatR:
Non-hazardous agricultural and forestry material used lawfully in agriculture, forestry or for energy production (WFD, Art.1f)
By-products (WFD, Art. 5)
Uncontaminated soil and stones excavated in the course of construction and used for construction on site (WFD, Art.1c)
Wastes recycled at the site of waste generation (internal recycling) (WStatR, Section 1 in Annexes I and II) …
Please note: List of exclusions is not exhaustive
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

7. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Scope of WStatR – Agricultural waste
Exclusion of non-hazardous agricultural and forestry material applies to:
Faecal matter (..), straw and other natural non-hazardous agricultural and forestry materials used in farming, forestry or for the production of energy from such biomass through processes or methods which do not harm the environment or endanger human health (WFD Art. 1(f))
Natural non-hazardous residues from agriculture and forestry, like straw and logging residues, that remain at the site of generation as part of the biological cycles (COM(2008) 501 final – Report on pilot studies)
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

8. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Waste generation in NACE A ‘Agriculture, ..’
(Waste excl. major mineral wastes)
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

9. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Scope of WStatR – By-products (1)
A production residue, i.e. a material that is not deliberately produced in a production process, may or may not be a waste.
Boundaries between waste and by-product are defined in Article 5 of Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC).
A production residue may be considered as by-product if the following conditions are met:
Further use of the substance or object is certain;
The substance or object can be used directly without any further processing other than normal industrial practice;
The substance or object is produced as an integral part of a production process;
Further use is lawful.
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

10. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Scope of WStatR – By-products (2)
Examples for residues that may be considered as by-products, provided that the conditions above are met (COM(2007) 59 final):
Blast furnace slag from iron and steel production;
Materials from the food and drink sector used in animal feed;
Flue gas desulphurisation gypsum from coal-fired power plants;
Sawdust, wood chips and off cuts from untreated wood that are used as the raw material for the production of wood based panels such as chip board or in paper production.
Further guidance and a decision making tree is provided in
Communication on waste and by-products (COM(2007) 59 final)
Guidance on Directive 2008/98/EC (DG ENV, 2012)
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

11. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Waste generation in NACE C ‘Manufacturing’ (Waste excl. major mineral wastes)
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

12. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Achievement of complete data coverage
The used methodology should make sure that 100% of the population (waste generating enterprises; waste treatment operations) are covered by the data.
Important elements to achieve a full coverage:
Full survey on big companies and enforcement of high data return
Extrapolation in case of sample surveys and non-responses
Imputation of missing data
Estimation of small enterprises below survey threshold
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

13. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Coherence of data
Waste statistics are usually compiled on the basis of several different surveys / data sources  check for coherence of data from different sources is crucial
Most important: plausible relationship between data on waste generation and on waste treatment
BUT: Relation between generation and treatment is complex
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016

14. ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016
Relation between generation and treatment
ESTP – Training on waste statistics, 6th/7th December 2016