1. Mental Health Concepts
NUR 162
Spring 2011

2. Caring for Psychiatric Mental Health Clients
Feelings, Concerns, Questions—What Are They?
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3. Factors Influencing Expectations
Media
Other?
Upbringing
Expectations
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Life experiences
Culture

4. Psychiatric Mental Health Clients
Psychiatric mental health clients are everyday, ordinary people.
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5. Factors Impacting Mental Health and Mental Illness
Biological
Mental Illness or
Mental
Health
Social
Cultural

6. Mental Disorder Characteristics
Distress
Disability
Risk
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7. DSM-IV-TR
Identifies
Standardizes
Categorizes

9. Deviance
Is it bad?
Bizarre in one cultural context; acceptable in another?
Deviant political, religious, or sexual behavior
Mental disorder- yes or no?
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10. What do these terms mean?
Crazy?
Berserk?
Insane?
Lunacy?
Nervous Breakdown?
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Melancholy?

11. History
Understanding and approaches to “madness” throughout history were influenced by:
Social attitudes
Philosophic viewpoints
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12. Historical Approaches
Era of Magico-Religious Explanations
Superhuman forces
Violation of taboos
Neglect of rituals
Loss of soul
Witchcraft
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13. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Organic Explanations
Imbalance in the body’s humors (Hippocrates, 4th century BCE)
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14. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Alienation
Social exclusion
Imprisonment
“Ships of fools”
“Lunacy”
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16. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Alienation
The exception: Arab belief was that the insane were divinely inspired.
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18. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Confinement
Confined
Beaten and tortured
Enormous asylums:
Hôpital Généralde Québec is a hospital located in the tiny municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Quebec, Canada
St. Mary of Bethlehem
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21. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Moral Treatment
Emergence of reform
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22. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Moral Treatment
Reform leaders:
William Cullen
Philippe Pinel
William Tuke
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Rush
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23. Historical Approaches - continued
Benjamin Rush
"Father of American Psychiatry”
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25. Historical Approaches - continued
Era of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
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26. Historical Approaches - continued
Contemporary Developments
Social dimensions
Brain dysfunction
Neurochemical
Medication therapy
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27. 21st Century Research Bases for mental disorders
Psychotropic medications
Role of nutrients, biology, and genetics
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28. Mental Health Studies Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA)
Global Burden of Disease (WHO)
U.S. Surgeon General’s Report
Healthy People 2010
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29. Healthy People 2010 Adolescent suicide rate
Homeless adults with serious mental illness (SMI)
Relapse with eating disorders
Mental health screening
Treatment issues: Children and adults
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30. Healthy People 2010 - continued
Screening in juvenile justice
Jail diversion programs for SMI
Cultural competence issues
Services for older adults: crisis intervention, screening, treatment
Employee stress in the workplace
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