1. 2. Elements (review)

2. Elements
There are just 92 types of elements. Everything on Earth and in space is made out of these atoms. All the elements are listed in the periodic table.

3. Names & Symbols of Elements
There is a unique name and a symbol for each element.
The name of the element is the same as its atom.

4. Periodic Table
All the symbols and other information about all the elements can be found in a periodic table. They are put in order of atomic number.

5. The Periodic Table ↔ ↔ Rows are called periods.
There are seven periods.
Columns are called groups.
Groups are numbered 1-18.
Groups represent families
Families shared common
characteristics. ↔ ↔

6. Elemental Names

7. Inductive reasoning
Use these examples to determine the IUPAC rules for writing chemical names
correct
wrong
chlorine
carbon dioxide
oxygen
sodium chloride
calcium
Iron
HELIUM
Neon
Carbon Monoxide
CHlorine

8. Use these examples to determine the rules for writing element symbols.
Inductive reasoning
Use these examples to determine the rules for writing element symbols.
correct
wrong Cl He I Mg Ca ar CL n FE hE

9. Practice ✔ or × hydrogen H Hydrogen h Einsteinium CL einsteinium Cl cl
Names:
Symbols:
hydrogen
Hydrogen
Einsteinium
einsteinium H h CL Cl cl

10. Special Elements
In most samples of elements the atoms occur singly. These are called monatomic elements.
In some elements in nature, their atoms are always bonded as pairs (they form molecules).These elements are called diatomic (di means two).
In a few elements, their atoms are found in larger molecules. These elements are polyatomic. What does poly mean? He H2
Cl2 I2 P4 S8
helium
hydrogen
chlorine
iodine
phosphorus
sulfur
MONATOMIC
DIATOMIC
POLYATOMIC

11. Remembering the diatomics
I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends
is a mnemonic device to remember the 7 diatomic elements:
I2, H2, N2, Br2, O2, Cl2, F2

12. The Periodic Table
The periodic table is a special organization of elements by their atomic number (the number of protons).
There have been many periodic tables developed, but the most popular one was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev.
Mendeleev's periodic table effectively arranged atoms in a way that revealed many patterns in properties of atoms and allowed amazing predictions.
Good science allows predictions.

13. Think Like Mendeleev In class activity

14. Pure Substances MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES IMPURE SUBSTANCES ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
METALS
(Na, Ca, Fe, Ni)
NONMETALS
(S, He, F2, O2, N2)

15. Metals and Non-metals A simple way to classify elements
zig-zag line or “staircase”
NON-METALS
METALS

16. Example metal families and properties
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Physical Properties
lustrous
malleable, ductile
soft solids at room temperature
excellent conductors of heat and electricity
Chemical Properties
reacts vigorously with water (not all metals do)
reacts with oxygen
reactivity increases down the periodic table.
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
similar to Group 1 but slightly less reactive

17. Example nonmetal families and properties
Nonmetal properties Periodic Videos
Group 17 Halogens Group 18 - Noble Gases
solids, liquids, or gases at standard temperature (250C)
if solid they can be dull and brittle
poor conductors of heat and electricity
very chemically reactive with metals and oxygen
gases at at standard temperature (250C)
almost non-reactive; called inert
chlorine bromine iodine

18. Periodic Table Colouring Activity

19. Patterns in the periodic table
The organization of elements in the periodic table results in many other patterns. These include patterns in size and properties, boiling points, density and chemical reactivity.
Atomic Size

20. Patterns in the periodic table
Analysing graphs Worksheet