1. Photosynthesis
Anabolic reaction of converting light
energy into chemical energy and storing
it for use in the form of chemical bonds
found in glucose or glucose polymers.
Takes place in photosynthetic plants,
protists and cyanobacteria.

3. Leaf of Plant
Chlorophyll found in chloroplast
in cells of leaf.
Most concentrated in palisade layer
of leaf.

5. Light Energy
Visible light-
wave lengths of about 300 to 700
angstroms of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
Wave lenghth = distance from one crest
to the next crest in a wave.

6. Visible Light
Made up of violet,indigo, blue, green,
yellow, orange, and red wave lengths.
Violet is shortest- ultraviolet is below
it.
Red is longest- infrared is above it.

7. Other parts of electromagnetic spectrum
Gamma rays
X-rays
Microwaves
Radio waves
Color seen is color that is not absorbed by
pigment and reflected back to the eye.
In other words, if you see green, it’s because
All other colors in the spectrum are absorbed,
Except green, so that’s what gets reflected back

9. Light Dependent
Reaction of Photosynthesis
Converts light energy into chemical
energy
Takes place in photosynthetic membrane
in chloroplast.
Membrane is called a thylakoid
membrane and a stack of them is
a granum.

10. Chlorophyll
Green pigment molecules imbedded in
thylakoid membranes in groups called
Photosystems I and II.
Pigment is any chemical that absorbs or
reflects light wavelengths.
When pigment absorbs light, electrons
are excited- have extra energy- and
escape the chlorophyll molecule.

12. Role of Water in Photosynthesis
Escaping electrons are used to provide
the energy for a chemiosmosis system
for the production of ATP.
Hydrogen atoms are broken from a water
molecule leaving oxygen as a waste
product.
If no water- no light reaction-no
photosynthesis.

13. Electron Movement
Hydrogen atom splits into electron and H+
Hydrogen electrons replace electrons
lost from chlorophyll in Photosystem
II.
Electrons from PSII travel to PSI and
replace those electrons lost.

14. Chemiosmosis
Energy from this pathway is used to
pump H+ into center of thylakoid
membrane.
ATP made when H+ pass back through
membrane .
H+ atoms accepted by NADP to form
NADPH.

16. Dark Reaction, Calvin Cycle, or Light Independent Reaction.
Takes place in liquid part of chloroplast
or stroma.
Takes ATP and H+ from NADPH and
converts carbon dioxide into a stored
form of sugar through a series of
cyclical steps.

17. Regulation and control
Cycle is controlled by enzyme Rubisco.
Process must be completed 6 times
in order to make one molecule of
glucose.
Amount of carbon dioxide, ATP and
NADPH controls process.

18. Calvin Cycle Steps
RuBP already present in stroma.
RuBP is a five carbon compound.
Carbon dioxide attaches to
RuBP to make an unstable six carbon
compound.
This 6 carbon compound gets broken into
two - 3 carbon compounds.

19. 3 carbon compound undergoes a series
of changes to become PGAL.
Out of every 12 molecules of PGAL
produced, 2 are turned into glucose, and
10 are turned in more RuBP
ATP and H are added to each step
transferring energy into a form that
can be stored.

21. Without photosynthesis, energy could
not be stored or converted.
Plants do not make energy, but rather
convert it into a stored form- glucose.