1. Beginning of the Roman Empire

2. Caesar Born to an aristocratic family
Awarded the “oak leaves” crown for his bravery.
Kidnapped by Cilician pirates.
Never missed an opportunity to “brag”.
Nephew of famous general Gaius Marius
Traced lineage back to goddess Venus

3. Consolidation of Power
Caesar conquers Gaul then turns to Rome, beginning the Civil War.
Gaul is present day
France
Belgium
Luxembourg
Archenemy:
Pompey the Great

4. Conspiracy begins… First Triumvirate
Pompey
Crassus
Caesar
Pledged to support one another’s legislation and policies
Pledged not to support anything that would harm the other.

5. Always a leader, never an Emperor
Julius Caesar was known for his military tactics and great leadership
BUT……
He was never an Emperor of Rome
Placed Cleopatra on the Egyptian throne after her brother was defeated in Alexandria
“Veni, Vidi, Vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered)

6. The conspiracy continues….
Marc Antony in the east
Octavian (nephew of Caesar) in the west
Together they engineer the fall of Brutus and Cassius. Ultimately CAESAR!!

7. Ides of March 44 BC (current calendar March 15 or 13)
Roman Senate meeting
Soothsayer foretold “Beware the ides of March”.
Stabbed by many men….including “BRUTUS”!
“ET TU BRUTUS”---Julius Caesar

8. There can be only ONE Supreme leaders fight for the Number 1 seat!
Jealousy and ambitions lead to Marc Anthony’s defeat, and ultimately his death!

9. Augustus claims Victory
Marc Anthony is cut off from supplies
Isolated at Actium
Betrayed by his soldiers
Portrayed as a coward
Together Marc Anthony and Cleopatra commit suicide! (Cleo dies by asp!)

10. Cleopatra Last Egyptian Queen until Rue Paul (aired in 2003)
Married to Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony
Ruled for over 20 years
Delayed the Roman takeover of Egypt.

11. CROWNING GLORY
Octavian renamed Augustus claims victory based on universe consent.
Appointed leader of the Roman Senate
As a show of honor and good gesture…..
He gives all his power to the Senate!
What do you give such an honorable, unselfish man……….?

12. “EMPEROR”

14. Part II
JEALOUSY,
CONSPIRACY,
MURDER!!

15. Rome on the Decline

16. Augustus the Emperor The high priest Pontifex Maximus
Forces stepson Tiberius, to divorce wife to marry another…. His daughter.
14 AD brings about the death of Augustus and stepson named emperor.

17. Tiberius Married stepsister, Julia
Abandons Julia and retires to Rhodes.
Succeeds to the throne in 14AD.
Appoints the Germanicus to General.
Creates an enemy in Germanicus’ wife, Agrippina the Elder.
Orders the Senate to execute Sejanus.
Implemented the execution of Agippina and sons.
37 AD, dies at Capri.

18. Germanicus General that secures the Rhine frontier.
Dies in 19 AD, possibly murdered.
Wife, Agrippina the Elder
believes Tiberius
is to blame.

19. Claudius Extended the Roman Empire by adding Mauretania Britain Thrace
Lycia
Executed wife, Messalina
Remarries Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero
Adopts Nero

20. Nero Succeeded to the throne ahead of Claudius son, Britannicus.
Orders the murder of his mother
64 AD saw the Great Fire of Rome
Nero rumored to had been singing and dancing while it burned
Blames the Christian and crucifies others.
Growing paranoid he kicks his wife Poppaea to death while she was pregnant.
Declared public enemy, he commits suicide.

21. Chaotic Empire Four emperors battle for supreme rule
Galba AD. Him and his heirs’ heads were paraded in the Roman streets.
Otho 98 AD. Reigned briefly with Vitelliua
Vitelliua 69 AD. Reigned with Otho
Vespasian AD.
Named emperor
Found the Flavian dynasty
Maintain a decade of stability

22. Titus Vespasian’s death brings succession of Titus
Mount Vesuvius erupts.
Buries Pompeii and Herculaneum under volcanic ash.
Lack of moral compass
Brothels on every corner
Pictures of sexual positions
SEE… What you can learn from the HISTORY CHANNEL!!?
Completed the building of the Colosseum, started by Vespasian in 72 AD
81 AD- Dies by fever (or poisoned by his doctor)
Senate declares Titus a god

23. Domitian Brother of Titus
Believed to have instructed Titus doctor to kill him by poison.
Cruel and violent leader
Murdered by wife and Senate

24. Nerva An Italian noble Fair Gains military trust
First time Roman generals cooperated to choose the next emperor.
Upon his death, adopted a Spanish-born emperor, Trajan

25. Trajan Spanish-born, of no relation to previous emperor.
Emperor is now open to all educated men.

26. Romanizing the West 180 AD the death of Marcus Aurelius.
Ends the Pax Romana period.

27. Fall of Rome Barbarians (refered to people of northern Europe)
Many granted Roman citizenship
Lead to Germanization of the Roman army
Attempted to assimilate the “barbarians” into Roman culture
Allowed barbarians to infiltrate the Western Empire
Barbarians developed culturely and asserted themselves against Rome.

28. Downward spiral Empire too large to control
Soldiers abandoned military for land ownership
Roman divided into East and West
- Christianity emerged as the new religion of the Empire
- The empire of the East Became the
BYZANTINE EMPIRE!!

29. ESSAY QUESTIONS What factors lead to the fall of Rome?
What connections have you drawn between the early Roman Empire and the current state of the modern day world.