2. Orwellian Rules to Abide by Forever
Never use a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
Never use a long word where a short one will do.
If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
Never use the passive where you can use the active.
Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
The brakes were slammed on by her as the car sped downhill.
She slammed on the brakes as the car sped downhill.

3. COGNITIVE MAPPING Begin with center (title), branching out:
Knowledge: list of themes
Comprehension: Breakdown of one theme
Application: List Examples from text
Analysis: Explain one example
Synthesis: Explain a deeper connection to other themes
Evaluation: How/Why is this specific theme important? Cognitive mapping asks students to increase complexity of their thinking. 3

4. In CN: [COGNITIVE STRANDS]
Cognitive Domain: Text
Knowledge: List of themes/arguments
Comprehension: Breakdown of one theme/argument
Application: List examples from text
Analysis: Explain one example
Synthesis: Explain deeper connection to other themes
Evaluation: How/Why is this specific theme important?