1. For each sentence in the following paragraph, write each italicized word or word groups and tell how it is used—as a noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, or interjection.
After months [1] of drought, the [2] storm clouds build up in the [3] sky and the torrential deluge [4] begins. [5]Well, it is April in India, [6] monsoon season. In India [7] and neighboring Bangladesh, the monsoon [8] usually continues from [9] late spring to early fall. [10] During that time [11] it brings heavy rains [12] that are beneficial to crops, but [13] some monsoons [14] can be deadly if their [15] rains are abnormally heavy.
Monsoons are created [16] when there is a great difference [17] between the temperatures of hot air over the sea and cold air over the land. [18] Southwesterly winds carry warm, moist air up from the Indian Ocean and [19] collide with cooler air over the landmass. [20] The result is a downpour that can last for weeks.

2. Noun A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. Persons
Places
Things
Ideas
architect
restaurant
computer
education
travelers
islands
sailboats
beliefs
family
wilderness
insects
ambition
LeBron James
Salt Lake City
Brooklyn Bridge
utopianism

3. Common and Proper Nouns
Common—names any one of a group or persons, places, things, or ideas.
Normally not capitalized
Proper—names a particular person, place, thing, or idea
Capitalized

4. Common Nouns Proper Nouns
woman
Mary Shelley, Miley Cyrus, Queen Elizabeth
nation
South Korea, Canada, Mexico, United States
event
World Series, Mardi Gras, World War II
holiday
Memorial Day, Thanksgiving Day, Fourth of July
language
English, Japanese, American Sign Language
Unless common noun is at the beginning of the sentence, it is not capitalized.

5. Concrete and Abstract Nouns
Concrete—names a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).
Abstract—names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic
Concrete is a tangible item/event/place, while abstract is a more worldly element/not tangible.

6. Concrete Nouns
Abstract Nouns
fire
self-confidence
garlic
strength
cotton
charm
horses
ability
Liberty bell
Zen

7. Classify each of the following nouns as either concrete or abstract
Classify each of the following nouns as either concrete or abstract. Write down the word and classification.
tradition
honor
11. palm trees
16. sand dune
flower
7. security
12. Mr. Nakamura
17. pencil
courage
lake
tears
18. commitment
cafeteria
9. happiness
14. suspicion
hope
5. dancers
10. bench
15. self-esteem
20. Mackinac Bridge

8. ANSWERS
abstract
concrete
20. concrete

9. Collective Nouns The singular form of a collective noun names a group.
batch
cluster
flock
litter
set
bouquet
crew
group
pack
staff
audience
family
herd
jury
swarm
This is basically what it says; it is a noun that names a group, but is in singular form.
Ex: audience is collectively naming off a group of individuals and is singular form

10. Compound Nouns
Compound—consists of two or more words that together name a person, place, or thing.
One Word
sidewalk, tablecloth, Greenland
Separate Words
attorney general, telephone pole, Empire State Building
Hyphenated Words
daughter-in-law, jack-o’-lantern, great-grandfather
Notice how the “one word” is two word creating one.
This one is important to know so that you classify the entire two words as being that noun

11. Write down the italicized noun and classify it as common, proper, collective, abstract and/or compound.
Republicans, sometimes known as members of the Grand Old Party, use an elephant as their symbol.
After his term as the prime minister of Japan, Eisaku Sato was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his efforts toward nuclear disarmament.
Lamar and Yancy rowed to the middle of the lake to escape the swarm of mosquitoes on the shore.
Off the coast of Guam lies the deepest place in the ocean—the Mariana Trench.
Well, yes, I do enjoy the Modern Jazz Quartet.
Reality almost always falls short of ideals.
Standing regally in the shallow pool was a huge flock of flamingos.
I would love to visit the Eifel Tower one day.
Lucky will never sit on command unless you train him.
Although the heritage and name of Boogie-Woogie may be African, that jazz sound is purely American.

12. ANSWERS Proper Proper; Compound Common; Collective
Proper; Compound; Collective
Common; Abstract
Common; Compound

14. Pronouns
A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns.
EX: Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He will return them tomorrow.
The PN He takes the place of the noun Angelo. The PN them takes the place of the nouns hammer and nails
EX: Several have entered the essay contest because they are extremely interested in the topic.
The PN they takes the place of the PN several

15. Personal Pronouns
personal—refers to the one speaking, the one spoken to, or the one spoken about.
First Person
Second Person
Third Person I
you
he/him/his me
your
she/her/hers my
yours
it/its
mine
they we
them us
their
our/ours
theirs

16. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
reflexive—the subject of a sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of the preposition
Kimmy wrote a note to herself.
intensive—emphasizes its antecedent (the word it is replacing)
Kimmy herself organized the school’s recycling program.
Complement = a noun, adj. or PN that follows directly after a linking verb (is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, have, has, had, do, does, did, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, can could)
In the first example “herself” is an object of the preposition being with the preposition being the “to”
In the second example, the antecedent (word preceding the PN that’s being replaced) is “Kimmy”, so the “herself” is emphasizing the antecedent.

17. Ex: I need a little time for myself.
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
myself
yourself
himself/herself
ourselves
yourselves
itself/themselves
Ex: I need a little time for myself.
“I need a little time for” doesn’t make sense. The PN myself is reflexive because it functions as the object of the preposition.
Ex: Did Paul prepare dinner himself?
Without himself, the meaning of the sentence stays the same. The PN himself is intensive.
Ex 1: “myself” functions as the object of the preposition with the preposition as “for”
Ex 2: “himself” is emphasizing “Paul”; the sentence still makes sense without it

18. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative—points out a specific person, place, thing, or idea.
Ex: This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald.
Ex: The apples I picked today taste better than those.
This
That
These
Those
Demonstrative almost sounds commanding/emphasized, and this PN is emphasizing a specific person, place, thing, or idea.
Remember these because they are the “t” words

19. Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative—introduces a question
Ex: What is the answer to the last algebra problem?
Ex: Whose is this?
What
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
Pretty simple; you normally associate these PN with introducing a question anyways.
“interrogating with a question”
The “w” PN’s

20. Relative Pronouns Relative—introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause
Ex: I want to buy the house that you saw.
Ex: She is the woman who is running for mayor.
That
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
Subordinate clause = dependent clause: one that cannot stand by itself
Ex 1: “that you saw…” cannot stand on its own as a dependent clause
Ex 2: “She is the woman” is independent (s-v); “who is running for mayor” is dependent and cannot stand on its own

21. Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite—refers to a person, place, thing, or an idea that may or may not be specifically named.
all
each other
most
one another
another
either
much
other
any
everybody
neither
several
anybody
everyone
nobody
some
anyone
everything
none
somebody
anything
few
no one
someone
both
many
nothing
something
each
more
one
such
This simply has one word to replace a group of nouns that may not be specifically named

22. ANSWERS
Deven himself knew everyone who had a ticket or could get one for him at a low price. (int./ind./rel./ind./pers.)
Nobody has bought any of the CDs on sale at the discount store. (ind./ind.).
You won several of the events at the 4-H competition, I hear. (pers./pers.)
Those are photographs of some of the many contemporary politicians who are women. (dem./ind./rel.)
What is the name of the large body of water that borders Ethiopia? (interr./rel.)
Althea Gibson stunned spectators but not herself when she took the singles and doubles titles at Wimbledon in (refl./pers.)
According to Buddhist belief, a soul detached from all of its desires enters nirvana, which is a state of consciousness, not a place. (pers./rel.)
Most of the participants purchased small souvenirs and such. (ind./ind.)
Either of their formats will work, but we prefer another. (ind./pers./pers./ind.)
According to this article, Sherlock Holmes never actually said “Elementary, my dear Watson.” (pers.)