1. Chemistry you need to know!
Chemistry in BIOLOGY?
Chemistry you need to know!

2. Atoms,molecules,ions,OH MY!
What is an Atom?
An atom is the smallest part of an ELEMENT
That retains all the properties of that element
It is electrically neutral, spherical in shape
And made of protons, electrons and neutrons.
What is an Element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
An element is made of atoms (the number of protons determines the element)

3. Elements of Life Elements of Life
96%  Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Carbon (C)
3%  P, S, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl
1%  other trace elements

4. Molecules
an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Molecules as components of matter are common in organic substances
Examples
Oxygen (O2 ) oxygen held together by Covalent bonds
Water (H2O) 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen held together by hydrogen bonds
Glucose (C6H12O6) 6 carbons 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens (SUGAR)
More complex molecules that we will see later!

5. What is a Reaction?
Energy
REACTANTS
PRODUCT

6. Chemical Reaction for Breathing
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + H2O + Energy
 What are the Reactants?
What are the Products?

7. Water Most Abundant compound in all organisms
Required for life (this is why life on other planets is not possible and why we focus on Mars- has ice which means water is probably underneath)
70% of Earth’s surface is water!
75-65% of the human Body is water! (75% of newborns/ 65% of adults)
Unique properties that make it so important for life

8. Oxygen Waste product of photosynthesis (released by plants)
Vital for human life
Found in other comounds
Required for many life processes such as breathing, metabolism and energy

9. Carbon dioxide
A waste product of human respiration and the burning of fossil fuels
Used by plants to perform photosynthesis
Responsible for the greenhouse effect