1. Lesson 3 The End of World War I
World War I and the 1920s ( )
Lesson 3 The End of World War I

2. Lesson 3 The End of World War I
World War I and the 1920s ( )
Lesson 3 The End of World War I
Learning Objectives
Understand the contributions of the American Expeditionary Force to the Allied victory in World War I.
Describe the issues raised by President Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
Analyze the decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference and included in the Treaty of Versailles.
Evaluate the pros and cons of U.S. participation in the League of Nations.
Explain why the U.S. Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
convoy
Vladimir Lenin
John J. Pershing
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Fourteen Points
self-determination
League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
reparations,
influenza
“irreconcilables,”
“reservationists,”

3. America Joins the Fighting
USA and WWI
European powers were unsure about the USA
Ethnic divisions, commitment of troops, raise a military?
Germany hoped to end the war before USA joined
Battle for the seas
German unrestricted Submarine Warfare – limited USA’s ability to ship goods to European Allies (Freedom of the Seas)
Convoy System – Naval ships protect merchant ships
War ends on Eastern Front
Russian Revolution – 1917
Vladimir Lenin – led a communist revolution in Russia
Russia became Communist (USSR)
War between Russia and Germany ended
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ( )

4. USA and WWI War on the Western Front increases Alvin York
America not fully ready to join the fight
General John J. Pershing led a group called the American Expeditionary Force.- this was a group of newly trained, rural farm boys that got called in to fight
Germany wanted to end the war before USA could join the fight
USA helped the Allies (France/Britain) with each German Attack
Alvin York
Medal of Honor Recipient
Destroyed a German Machine Gun Nest
Conscientious Objector
Against the idea of war, but needed money to start a Bible School
1941 Movie “Sergeant York”

5. America Joins the Fighting
Analyze Maps Why did Germany ask for peace while they still controlled most of Belgium and northeast France?

6. The Collapse Of Germany:
Germany’s partner, Austria-Hungary, finally surrendered to the allies
Allied forces reinforced by American Soldiers
Other revolts followed, and Germany was too exhausted to continue
Soldiers started to mutiny
So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month of 1918, Germany signed a truce ending the Great War
Armistice
Nov

7. America Joins the Fighting
Analyze Charts Which side, the Allies or the Central Powers, paid the highest price in terms of human lives during World War I?

8. The Final Toll: WW I was the bloodiest war in history up to that time.
“War to end All Wars”
Deaths numbered about 22 million. (more than half were civilians)
20 million additional people were wounded.
The cost of the war was around $338 billion.
The US lost 48,000 men in battle and another 62,000 from disease.

9. Wilson Wants “Peace Without Victory”
WWI Ends
Russia’s view on the War : Imperialism and Alliances
Could lead to more greed and retaliation
Wilson + USA – Freedom and Democracy
“Peace without Victory”
Wilson’s 14 Pts.
Peace based on noble ideas and not revenge
Included in his “points” were:
No secret treaties
Freedom of the Seas
More free trade
Reduction of arms
Less colonialism
League of Nations to promote peace
Self Determination
Right of the people to chose their own government
Many new nations start to form
“mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity”

10. Analyze Charts How did Wilson’s Fourteen Points aim to reduce the potential for future wars to develop?

12. The Paris Peace Conference
USA and Allies have different ideas
Allies wanted to blame Germany for WWI
“War Guilt Clause”
Germany forced to pay reparations
Weak Germany = Peace in Europe
Allies Reject Wilson’s ideas
Britain – David Lloyd-George
Citizens expected victory
France – Georges Clemenceau
Punish Germany + Return many German colonies
Italy – Vittorio Orlando
14 points rejected…
Freedom of the seas
Free Trade
Liberate colonial empires

14. America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
World Organization where countries can gather to solve world issues.
Wilson optimistic towards peace
Many American citizens felt the treaty was too harsh towards Germany
Didn’t create enough independent nations (Ireland)
Congress Rejects Treaty/League of Nations
Senators wanted America to go back to being isolated
Article 10
Mutual defense agreement
Draw America into European affairs

15. America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles
Analyze Charts What was the primary difference between reservationists and irreconcilables?

16. America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles
The spread of the influenza pandemic from 1918 to 1919 left millions dead worldwide, creating a sense of dread among peoples of all nations. Pictured are soldiers at an army hospital in Kansas.