1. Beauty in Different Cultures From the West to …. Health and Self-Image Dr. Peih-ying Lu Oct. 11, 2011

2. Ancient Greek and Roman Culture Primitive cultures valued obesity in women The ideals of feminine beauty changed as civilizations developed. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans valued thinness in women.

3. http://www.edupics.com/en-coloring-pictures-pages-photo-greek-woman- with-chiton-i13309.html

5. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the full-bodied woman again gained favor.

6. Medieval Age from the Ellesmere manuscript of The Canterbury Tales, The Huntington Library, California, USA

7. Renaissance women National Portrait Gallery, London

8. 18th Century http://textline.wordpre ss.com/2009/02/12/wo men-readers-in-the- eighteenth-century- and-the-british- museum/ During the eighteenth century, this began to change, at least for the upper class. While artists continued to depict peasant women as robust, they began to portray their wealthier counterparts as thin. http://textline.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/ women-readers-in-the-eighteenth-century- and-the-british-museum/

9. By the late nineteenth century, womens magazines were sending strong messages about body size, standardized sizes had been introduced, and clothing was being mass-produced.

10. Beauty in the 19th Century www.picturesofengland.com/img/M/1002850.jpg

11. www.eapglass.com/JerseyLily/lilliesitting.jpg

12. http://nm- server.jrn.columbia.edu/projects/masters/bodyimage/history/1890s.html

13. In the 1890s, American illustrators began depicting the ideal young American woman as tall, thin and athletic.

14. The image of the flapper, a thin boyish look that women dieted and bound their breast to attain.

16. With the depression and World War II, the ideals for women became more mature and the body size slightly heavier. This change is reflected in the sex symbols of the 1940s and 1950s

20. By the mid-1950s, thinness was again being emphasized. The image of Barbie Doll

24. Beauty in Confucian Culture And its your turn…. 5 minutes talk about the change of concept of Beauty in Confucian Culture Is it influenced by Western Culture to some certain extent?

25. Societies that practiced or have practiced body mutilation Aborigines of Australia(nasal piercing for bone-ornament) The Ainu of northern Japan(ear piercing for ninkari) The Chinese(foot binding)

26. The Sara of Southern Sudan (lip piercing for labret) The Mangbettu of Central Africa (head shaping) The Kwakiutl of the Northwest Coast (head flattening) The Masai of East Africa (ear piercing for adornment and elongation)

27. The Kayapo of the Amazon (scarification) The Maori of New Zealand (tattooing) The Padaung of Myanmar (neck elongation) The Sara of Southern Sudan (lip piercing for labret)