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Psyc 339 Ch. 1
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What are your views? Please write down the first words or phrases that come to mind when you think of someone who is over the age of 65.
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Demographics of Canada
David Foot: Boom, Bust & Echo
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What are your views? Please write down the first words or phrases that come to mind when you think of someone who is over the age of 65. Please write down the first words or phrases that come to mind when you think of someone who is between the ages of 18 and 30.
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What is a stereotype? A generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members (Aronson et al., 2000).
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Where do stereotypes originate?
Family and friends
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Where do stereotypes originate?
Family and friends School (Ekstrom et al., 1976) Youth Beauty Life Age _____ Death
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Media advertising
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Media advertising television
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Media advertising television movies
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Media advertising television movies greeting cards
Age specific paper birthday cards 67% represent aging in a –ve manner (Ellis & Morrison, 2005)
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Documented Age-Related Stereotypes
Multiple Stereotypes
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Younger Adults Stereotypes of Older Adults
3 positive; 5 negative (Hummert, 1994) Positive golden ager perfect grandparent John Wayne conservative
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Younger Adults Stereotypes of Older Adults (cont’d)
Negative stereotypes shrew/curmudgeon despondent vulnerable severely impaired recluse
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Consequences of Negative Stereotypes
Prejudice - evaluation
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Consequences of Negative Stereotypes
Prejudice - evaluation Discrimination - action
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Consequences of Negative Stereotypes
Prejudice - evaluation Discrimination - action Ageism (Butler, 1969)
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The Most Common Types of Ageism (Palmore, 2001)
Told an ageist joke “You’re too old” Ailments caused by age Patronized Assumed I could not hear Assumed I could not understand Ageist birthday cards Ignored/not taken seriously Not treated with dignity or respect Called an insulting name Rejected as unattractive
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Improving attitudes Intergenerational interactions contact theory
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Improving attitudes Intergenerational interactions
contact theory (Allport, 1954) mentoring programs
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Improving attitudes Increase intergenerational interactions
contact theory (Allport, 1954) mentoring programs intergenerational shared site programs nursing home/childcare adult day service centers/childcare centers e.g., Schultz, 1976
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Improving attitudes (cont’d)
Education/Information e.g., Ragan and Bowen, 2001 Grp 1 Information Only Grp 2 Info plus innocuous discussion grp Grp 3 Info plus reinforcing discussion grp
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Improving attitudes (cont’d)
Education/Information e.g., Ragan and Bowen, 2001 Grp 1 Information Only Grp 2 Info plus innocuous discussion grp Grp 3 Info plus reinforcing discussion grp Results: Info alone initial improvements Info plus reinf +ve change at 1 mo. follow-up
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Summary Multiple age-related stereotypes exist.
There are methods to reduce negative stereotypes. We need to: educate others reinforce positive age-related stereotypes adopt positive age-related behaviours.
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A Message from CARP
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Chronological age vs. functional age (Birren, 1969)
Young-old s. old-old Refers to health and social chars (Neugarten, 1974) The fourth age = after 80 years(Baltes, 1997)
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