1. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)

2. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Overview What is TBBPA? EU Risk Assessment Process –Risk Assessment Status for TBBPA –Future developments - REACH WEEE Directive –Resource Recovery at Integrated Metals Smelter Conclusions

3. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of What is TBBPA?

4. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of One of 75 different Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs). The largest volume brominated flame retardant in production worldwide today. What is TBBPA? Tetrabromobisphenol-A

5. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Chemical Properties of TBBPA In epoxy resins, TBBPA is a reactive chemical. After processing, TBBPA does not exist as a free chemical in the matrix but as part of the polymer chain to make the final product - e.g. FR4 printed circuit board laminate.

6. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of The Main Uses of TBBPA The main application of TBBPA is as a reactive flame retardant in laminates (e.g. epoxy resins) for PWBs (FR4 boards!) TBBPA is also used as an additive flame retardant mainly in ABS plastics.

7. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Continued growth in TBBPA global market –shift to the Far East

8. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of LAMINATES (Epoxy & Phenolics) 96,500 MT (58%) TBBPA derivatives & oligomers 30,500 MT (18%) STYRENICS (Mainly ABS) 42,500 MT (24%) TOTAL SALES – 170,000 MT

9. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU Risk Assessment Process

10. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU Risk Assessment Proces Central basis of EU chemical legislation European Regulation 793/93/EC Identification of priority chemicals on the basis of properties and use volumes (Priority Lists 1 - 4) Analysis of data on ecological and toxicological properties and on human and environmental exposure Assessment of potential risks to human health and to environment (air, soil, sediment, water …) – two risk assessment reports are developed! EU Risk Assessment of several FRs currently completed or underway

11. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU Risk Assessment Process Three possible outcomes: Approved as Safe Risk Reduction Measures Ban

12. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU Risk Assessment Process Status for TBBPA Environmental Report: –Ongoing –TBBPA is not a Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic (PBT) chemical Potential for degradation currently under investigation –Not readily biodegradable –3 tests ongoing to generate more data (sludge, soil, sediment) Low bioaccumulation potential Toxic to aquatic organisms Next EU technical discussion will be held in June 2006. Finalization is expected at the end of 2006.

13. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU Risk Assessment Process Status for TBBPA Environmental Classification –TBBPA is classified with R50/53 – Very Toxic for the Environment. However: Once reacted into the polymer backbone, TBBPA does not exist anymore & so this classification is of no consequence for Printed Circuit Boards Its use in printed circuit boards is fully compatible with all existing ecolabels regardless of the classification –The BFR Industry pro-actively developed a Voluntary Emissions Reduction & Control Action Program to manage process emissions of brominated flame retardants Co-operation with downstream industry Support from the EU Commission & Competent Authorities

14. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Human Health Report The Human health risk assessment was finalized in December 2004 No human health hazard of concern identified No risk was identified in the risk assessment The European Scientific Committee (SCHER) advising the European Commission agreed with the conclusions of the risk assessment EU Risk Assessment Process Status for TBBPA Approved as Safe

15. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU Risk Assessment Process Future developments - REACH All substances will undergo a similar type of risk assessment under REACH! –Registration, Evaluation & Authorisation of Chemicals –Requires an evaluation of all uses & all hazard & risk information for all existing substances –Special provisions for substances having already undergone a risk assessment under Regulation 793/93/EC Current timing: –Final adoption of REACH: October 2006? –Entry into force of REACH: April 2007? –Deadline for registration of substances > 1000 tonnes : 2011

16. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of WEEE Directive Resource Recovery at Integrated Metal Smelter

17. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of EU WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC WEEE = Directive on Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE deals with the collection, recovery, reuse and recycling of waste from electrical and electronic equipment Minimum collection, recovery, reuse and recycling targets have been set for different categories of waste: small & large household appliances, IT & Telecommunications, consumer equipment, lighting equipment, electrical & electronic tools, … As a minimum, plastics containing brominated flame retardants; printed circuit boards (greater than 10 cm 2 ) (and …) have to be removed –separate treatment from any collected WEEE. Amendment to allow direct inclusion to incineration and metallurgical processes without separation has been tabled!

18. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of WEEE Directive Resource Recovery at Integrated Metal Smelter Partners are PlasticsEurope, European Flame Retardants Association (EFRA) and Umicore -Trial run in September 2004 -Full scale run (750 t/d) of 2 successive campaigns : -Blank test -Basic feed + 0% plastic + 4.5 % coke -Followed by Blank + plastics test -Basic feed + 6% plastic + 1 % coke

19. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of WEEE Directive Resource Recovery at Integrated Metal Smelter Observations from the trial : –55% of plastics is used as reducing agent and substitute primary carbon-sources –Process stability : no negative influence. –Reducing capacity of plastics in the smelter is proven. Based of the test results, capacity of Umicore for –E&E plastic with metals (80% of plastic) > 15 000 t/y –Printed Circuit Boards (contains 25% plastic) > 45 000 t/y The Flemish Waste Administration granted Umicore a permit for handling WEEE plastics plus agreed this should be part of recycle quota in the WEEE directive

20. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Conclusions

21. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Conclusions TBBPA is fully compatible with electronic waste recycling and recovery: –Precious metals recycling is driving printed circuit board recovery –Compatible with the requirements of the WEEE Directive TBBPA is currently one of the most tried and tested flame retardants with data supporting its sustainable use: –It is undergoing an extensive EU risk assessment –It is not a PBT chemical –The general toxicity profile is very good –Once reacted into the brominated epoxy resin like FR4 printed circuit boards, it becomes integrated in the polymer –It is cost-effective

22. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Conclusions Conclusions are in line with the IPC White Paper & Technical Report on Halogen-free Materials used for Printed Circuit Boards & Assemblies (IPC-WP/TR-584, April 2003): There is no data indicating that the halogenated flame retardants presently used in printed circuit boards present any significant environment or health hazard

23. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of Conclusions IPC Conclusions: –Halogen-free is a marketing term only & IPC will not advocate a conversion from TBBPA; –TBBPA has no health, environmental or regulatory issues that exclude its use; there is no legislation or regulations, pending or otherwise, calling for the removal of TBBPA currently; –Although halogenated FRs have been in use for many decades, there have been no reports of illness or death attributable to their use & in fact injuries and/or death are known hazards of the fires associated with non-FR electronic equipment; –There is currently no data indicating that any of the materials being considered as replacements are any better or worse for the environment.

24. E B F R I P European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry Panel A sector group of For more information, visit: www.ebfrip.org www.bsef.com