1. Nature of Science

2. What is Science?
investigate and understand the natural world (and only the natural world) explain events in the natural world
Uses those explanations to make useful predictions.
Scientists:
3. Scientists propose ___________ that can be ______ by examining evidence.
*collect and
organize information in a careful, orderly way
*looking for patterns and connections between events.
explanations
tested
Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.

3. How is Science Done? Science begins with an _____________. observation
Various Examples-
observation

4. Observation Activity
Write down observations (description) about something in the room in your notebook. No using function – only description to see if the class can determine what you described.

5. Hypothesis A problem or a question is identified from observations.
Step 2:
Observation / Asking a Question
Step 3: Form a Hypothesis
Hypothesis
A problem or a question is identified from observations.
A possible explanation to the question or problem. Based on observation
*stated in a way that is testable.
A statement is considered “testable” if evidence can be collected that either does or does not support it. If/Then
Why can some cells regenerate while other cells cannot
What effect does temperature have on heart rate?
Must be testable

6. YOUR HYPOTHESIS
Think about an observation and write a proposed answer for the observation or question in an if/then format
If I complete all of my assignment in Mrs. Thennis’ class, then I will pass the class. 

7. Conducting Experiments
Want reliable and accurate results
Controlled experiment: changes only one variable at a time (when possible)
Other variables are controlled. Examples: When can not all variables be controlled?

8. Experimental Group and Control Group
An experiment is based on the comparison between a Experimental Group with an Control Group.
a) identical except for one factor.
b) The control group serves as the comparison
c) The experimental group has the changed variable.

9. WHAT IS YOUR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN?
Experimental Group How do you know? Control Group

10. Two variable in an experiment
The independent variable is the variable that is deliberately changed by the scientist. - Manipulated
The dependent variable is the one observed during the experiment. The result being measured
- Responding

11. WHAT ARE YOUR INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES?
How do you know?
DEPENDENT:

13. Step 4: Recording and Analyzing Results
1. The data that has been collected must be organized and analyzed.
Data Table –
organize data
Graphs – show
trends and
Comparisons
Determine statistical significance

14. There are two types of data:
Quantitative data are:
numbers and are obtained by counting or measuring.
Qualitative data are:
descriptions and involve characteristics that cannot be counted.

15. Causal versus Correlational
Causal: One variable causes the other to change.
Correlational: One variable is related to another. May or may not be statistically significantly linked.
Examples: Smoking causes lung cancer
Smoking causes alcohol consumption?

16. What might influence this research

17. Step 5: Drawing Conclusions
The evidence from the experiment is used to determine if the hypothesis is Accepted or Rejected .
Experiments must be repeated over and over.
*results should always be the same before a valid conclusion can be reached.