1. The Structure and Function of DNA CHAPTER 10
The Hereditary Material: DNA or Protein?
DNA and RNA Structure
Deoxy- and ribonucleotides
Double helical structure of DNA
5' and 3' ends
DNA Replication
DNA polymerase
Semiconservative replication
From Gene to Protein
Transcription and Translation

2. Facts About Hereditary Material

3. DNA: Structure and Replication
Was known to be a chemical in cells by the end of the nineteenth century.
Has the capacity to store genetic information.
Can be copied and passed from generation to generation.

4. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
DNA and RNA Structure
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
They consist of chemical units called nucleotides.
The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone.
Hershey-Chase Experiment
Phage T2 Reproductive Cycle
DNA and RNA Structure

5. DNA is a Double-Stranded Chain of Nucleotides

6. DNA Chains Are Held Together By Nitrogenous Base H-Bonds

7. Watson and Crick’s Discovery of the Double Helix
James Watson and Francis Crick determined that DNA is a double helix in 1953.

8. DNA Replication
When a cell or whole organism reproduces, a complete set of genetic instructions must pass from one generation to the next
DNA Replication occurs in S phase of Interphase
One DNA double-helix becomes two identical double helices: sister chromatids S
G G2 M
DNA Replication

9. Each Chromosome “Unzips” as a New Complementary Strand is Synthesized Along Side the Old One
Replication
Figure 10.6

10. DNA can be damaged by ultraviolet light.
The enzymes and proteins involved in replication can repair the damage.

11. How Do Chromosomes Carry Information?
A karyotype made from chromosomes of a single cell

12. Central Dogma of Biology: How Shape and Form Are Dictated By DNA Genes
Genotype:
The genes carried in a cell for a particular trait
A segment of DNA (gene) carries specific coded instructions for the making of a single proteins.
Phenotype: The physical expression of genes for a particular trait