1. WWII Erupts in Europe

3. Europe after WWI
WWI caused the deaths of millions and destruction of property
The Treaty of Versailles left many Europeans unhappy
France thought treaty too easy on Germany
Italy felt they should have been given land since they were on the winning side
German government (Weimar Republic) was weak
Upset about German blame and reparations

4. The Situation in 1929
Germany paying for reparations using the money from Dawes Plan.
When the American Stock Market crash on Wall Street, the USA stopped lending money to Germany.
The German economy went into recession.

5. Adolf Hitler
Austrian- entered German politics because angry over Treaty of Versailles
Joined small political party called National Socialists (Nazi)
Became German Chancellor in 1933
Set up totalitarian dictatorship
Secretly began to build up German Military

6. Impact of Hitler’s Policies on Unemployment

7. How did Hitler put Germany back to work?

8. RAD – The National Labour Service
Gave men jobs in public work schemes
Men in RAD had to wear a uniform & live in camps.
They were given free meals and pocket money.
Built: drainage ditches, schools, a new network of motorways and planted new forests.

9. To improve the living conditions of the German people
Kick start the Cycle of Prosperity
What was the aim of Hitler’s Public Works Program?
To build impressive buildings so that the German people would feel proud
To improve the public transport network for industrial & military use

10. Autarky – National Self Sufficiency
Hitler wanted to Germany a strong independent country that was sufficient in food and materials.
Germany had lost the WWI because it had run out of food and war materials.
German scientist developed all sorts of artificial substitutes such as petrol from coal and coffee from acorns.
These new substitutes were made in Germany and gave the unemployed jobs in new industries.
Hitler also encouraged the growth of the car industry.

11. The Car Industry
Designed by Porsche and nicked named ‘The Peoples Car’, known today as the ……?

12. The Car Industry
Recognise the design of this German Jeep called a Kubelwagen?

13. What other measures did Hitler introduce in order to reduce unemployment?
By 1934 all Jews were fired from civil service jobs which were then given to German workers.
Unemployed Jews were not registered.
Women lost their jobs which were given to men.
People who refused jobs offered by the labour service were arrested and put into concentration camps.

14. Benito Mussolini In control in Italy by 1922
Founded Nationalist Fascist Party
Established a dictatorship that allowed no other political parties
Had total control over daily life of citizens

15. Other Totalitarian Regimes
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
Crushed political opposition
Spain
Francisco Franco took control after Spanish Civil war of 1930’s
Fascist
Japan
Torn by political conflict
Military leaders used violence to gain control of govt.
Tojo

16. Adolph Hitler Increases Power
Hitler takes steps to increase German power
Tries to unite Germany and Austria. Invades when Austria refuses (Anschluss-1938)
Threatens to take Sudetenland
Munich Conference: September 1938
Britain, France, Italy and Germany meet
Britain and France agree to Hitler’s demands for land in exchange for peace (Appeasement)
Allowed to annex German speaking portions of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)

17. Hitler Invades In 1939, Hitler will move into other countries
March- Hitler sends troops into what remained of independent Czechoslovakia
Establishes a pact with Italy, and a non-aggression treaty with Stalin - Stalin won’t stop Hitler, and Hitler won’t attack Soviet Union
September 1st- Invades Poland
Uses Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)
Poland falls within a month

18. War Declared
September 3, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany (Allies)
April 1940-
Hitler invades Denmark and Norway
May Germans invade France
June Most of France falls to Germany
French leaders flee to Great Britain

20. American Neutrality

21. Neutrality Legislation
Isolationist ideals became stronger in 1930’s because many European countries could not pay debts to US.
Congress will pass the Neutrality Act of 1935
Made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war (many believed this was what brought the US into WWI)
After further violent escalation in Europe, Congress passes the Neutrality Act of 1937
Added to the 1935 Act- required anyone who wanted to purchase non-military supplies from US had to do so on “cash and carry” basis

22. Destroyers for Bases Deal
Roosevelt officially proclaimed the US neutral two days after Britain and France declared war on Germany
Roosevelt used loopholes in American neutrality acts that required cash for purchases.
Exchanged the right to build bases on British controlled islands (Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Caribbean) in exchange for 30 old American destroyers
1940- Britain asked US to transfer old US Destroyers to Britain, who had lost nearly half of theirs

23. The Lend-Lease Act Proposed by Roosevelt in December 1940
Allowed the US to lend or lease arms to any country It considered “vital to the defense of the United States”
Allowed the US to send weapons to the British if British promised to pay rent after the war was over.
Passed- By end of program- US had lent more than $40 Billion in weapons, vehicles and supplies to the Allied war effort

24. The Atlantic Charter August 1941
Roosevelt and Churchill met on American and British warships anchored near Newfoundland
Agreed to Atlantic Charter
Committed both nations to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas
By late September, an additional 15 non-Axis nations had signed