1. Introduction
Firstly, let me say that I am employed by the ILMC and I do not work for the Secretariat to the Basel Convention.
However, when I was invited by the Basel Convention Regional Center to participate in this Workshop I accepted the offer immediately, because the ILMC does not only welcome and endorse the approach currently being taken by the Basel Convention Secretariat towards the sound management of ULAB, but we endorse the Basel Convention Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of Waste Lead Acid Batteries, the Training Manual for the Preparation of National Action Plans for ULAB recovery, and we fully support the Regional Strategy for the Environmentally Sound Management of ULAB in Central America, currently being implemented by the Governments in the Region in conjunction with the Basel Convention Regional Center in San Salvador.

2. Basel Technical Guidelines
Brian Wilson
ILMC
International Lead Management Center
Training Workshop for Senegal
Site Assessment for the ESM of ULAB Recycling
Basel Technical Guidelines for the ESM of ULAB
Le Méridien President Hotel and Conference Center
Pointe des Almadies
Dakar
12 – 13 July, 2010
Brian Wilson
ILMC

3. Basel Convention – Key Objectives
Three Principles:
minimize waste generation
reduce movement of waste
dispose as close to the source of generation as possible
Basel Convention – Key Objectives
The key objectives of the Basel Convention are:
to minimize the generation of hazardous wastes in terms of quantity and hazardousness;
to dispose of wastes as close to the source of generation as possible;
to reduce the movement of hazardous wastes.

4. Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
Environmentally Sound Mgt:
Protection of:
human health
environment
Advocates - “integrated LCA”
controls at every stage of disposal / recycling
Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
A central goal of the Basel Convention is “environmentally sound management” (ESM), the aim of which is to protect human health and the environment by minimizing hazardous waste production whenever possible.
ESM means addressing the issue through an “integrated life-cycle approach”, which involves strong controls from the generation of a hazardous waste to its storage, transport, treatment, reuse, recycling, recovery and / or final disposal.

5. Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
Two Waste Categories:
Non-Hazardous - examples
Domestic / Household
Green Waste
Hazardous - examples
Medical
Toxic Metal Residues
Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
If we exclude radioactive waste for our purposes today, there are essentially two waste categories:
The first is non-hazardous and examples are, Domestic or Household waste, and vegetation, sometimes known as Green Waste.
The second category is Hazardous Waste and examples are Medical Waste from Hospitals and industrial toxic waste, such as heavy metal residues.

6. Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste ……
Can be……..
a Ship… or
ULAB
Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
But Hazardous Waste comes in many forms……………..
It can be a Ship……… dismantled for scrap metal or
Used Lead Acid Batteries for recycling

7. Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
But Hazardous Waste comes in many forms……………..
It can be a Ship……… dismantled for scrap metal or
Used Lead Acid Batteries for recycling

8. Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
But Hazardous Waste comes in many forms……………..
It can be a Ship……… dismantled for scrap metal or
Used Lead Acid Batteries for recycling

9. Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste ……
Can be destined for:
Disposal
Recycling
Basel Convention – Environmentally Sound Management
And Hazardous Waste can be destined for disposal, but as we can see with ships and used lead acid batteries, hazardous waste can also be recycled.

10. Basel Convention – Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery
All too often the Basel Convention is associated with Hazardous Waste disposal, but the Basel Convention provides control mechanisms for Recycling and has published a Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery.

11. Basel Convention – Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery
All too often the Basel Convention is associated with Hazardous Waste disposal, but the Basel Convention provides control mechanisms for Recycling and has published a Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery.

12. Basel Convention – Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery
Obligations – Both Parties
Waste is minimized
Adequate facilities
Competent personnel
Minimum movement
Protection of the / for:
Environment
Populations
Basel Convention – Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery
This is a very useful and helpful document, but for some reason, I do not know why, the Guidance Document is only available in English.
The Guide explains that when there is a transboundary movement of hazardous waste, such as ULAB, the Basel Convention places obligations on both Parties, that is, the country of export and the country of import. Both Parties must ensure that:
The Waste is minimized – this is not a problem for ULAB – it is the size it is.
The Recycling Plant has adequate facilities to receive and process the ULAB.
The Management of the Recycling Plant are competent personnel.
That the movement of the ULAB is minimized.
That the Recycling Plant and process provides protection for:
The Environment
Populations – that is workers and people living close to the plant

13. Basel Convention – Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery
Obligations – Both Parties
Waste must NOT be moved:
If ESM is not assured
If residues are a hazard
Basel Convention – Guidance Document for Hazardous Waste Recovery
There are also obligations on both parties NOT to permit the movement of hazardous waste if:
Environmentally sound management of the waste is not assured.
If the process produced a hazardous waste that is not contained or treated to render it inert.

14. Environmentally Sound
BUT………….
ESM is not defined in the Basel Convention specifically for ULAB
Environmentally Sound Management
But………………..
Environmentally Sound Management is not defined specifically in the Basel Convention for ULAB!

15. Environmentally Sound
Define: Environmentally Sound
Easy to generalize
Difficult to be specific
How does the BC define ESM?
Environmentally Sound Management
There are few general definitions of the term, “Environmentally Sound Management”, but as we know hazardous waste includes ships and ULAB, making it difficult to be specific about all the waste streams in one paragraph.
So how does the Basel Convention define Environmentally Sound Management?

16. Environmentally Sound
Technical Working Group – TGW
Techincal Guidelines
POPs
Biomedical
Ships
ULAB….. and many more
Training Manuals
Environmentally Sound Management
The Secretariat to the Basel Convention has established a number of specialist Technical Working Groups charged with the responsibility of producing Technical Guidelines that define the term, “Environmentally Sound Management” for specific waste streams. To date there are 23 Technical Guidelines including, for example:
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Biomedical and Hospital Waste
Ships destined for dismantling
ULAB
And many more………..
The Secretariat also produces Training and Guidance Manuals that supplement the Technical Guidelines, providing very detailed descriptions of environmentally sound procedures, processes and case studies.

17. Basel Technical Guidelines
TWG - May 2002
Adopted Unanimously
Cop VI December 2003
Adopted Unanimously
Parties invited to use TG.
Parties asked to review TG
Basel Technical Guidelines
The Basel Technical Working Group (TWG) for ULAB Recycling took about two years to prepare and finalize the Technical Guidelines. The International Lead Management Center was a member of a small team that prepared and revised the Guidelines up to the adoption of the final text by the TWG in May 2002.
To this day the document represents the most comprehensive guide to ULAB recovery,
In December 2003 at the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP VI) the Guidelines were adopted and the Chair of the COP invited the parties to use the Technical Guidelines so that their practical application could be tested and subsequently reviewed at a later stage. This means that the Basel Technical Guidelines have been adopted by 170 countries around the world, including all the participants in the ULAB Recovery Project in Central America.
The Technical Guidelines are available in the six languages of the United Nations.
Published in 6 languages

18. Basel Technical Guidelines
The Basel Technical Working Group (TWG) for ULAB Recycling took about two years to prepare and finalize the Technical Guidelines. The International Lead Management Center was a member of a small team that prepared and revised the Guidelines up to the adoption of the final text by the TWG in May 2002.
To this day the document represents the most comprehensive guide to ULAB recovery,
In December 2003 at the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP VI) the Guidelines were adopted and the Chair of the COP invited the parties to use the Technical Guidelines so that their practical application could be tested and subsequently reviewed at a later stage. This means that the Basel Technical Guidelines have been adopted by 170 countries around the world, including all the participants in the ULAB Recovery Project in Central America.
The Technical Guidelines are available in the six languages of the United Nations
Basel Convention

19. Basel Technical Guidelines
ULAB Pre-Treatment Phases
Collection
Packaging
Transport
Storage
Basel Technical Guidelines
So I will give you an overview of the content of the Guidelines.
Not surprisingly the Guidelines start with the Pre-Treatment Stages of ULAB Recovery, that is:
Collection
Packaging
Transport
Storage

20. Basel Technical Guidelines
Recycling
Battery Breaking
Manual
Mechanical
Lead Recovery
Pyrometallurgical
Hydrometalurgical
Refining
Basel Technical Guidelines
Guidance about the Recycling Processes includes:
ULAB breaking
Manual
Mechanical
Lead Recovery using:
Pyrometallurgical processes, including Rotary Furnaces
Hydrometallurgical technologies
Lead Refining

21. Basel Technical Guidelines
Environmental Controls
Impact Assessments
Pollution
Prevention
Treatment
Monitoring
Basel Technical Guidelines
The chapter about Environmental Controls explains how to:
Undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment of a Recycling Plant
Maintain control regimes to minimize the risks of adverse:
Effluent Discharges
Fugitive Emissions
Apply process treatments to eliminate certain pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide
Set up atmospheric and effluent monitoring stations to record environmental performance

22. Basel Technical Guidelines
Health Aspects
Lead Exposure
Occupational Limits
Prevention
Control mechanisms
Surveillance
Intervention
Basel Technical Guidelines
Maintaining high standards of Occupational Health in a Lead Recovery operation is vital and the Guidelines explain:
The adverse health effect of lead exposure
How to apply the recommended limits for occupational exposure
The measures necessary to prevent elevated levels of lead exposure
The Control mechanisms to monitor employees’ lead exposure, including medical surveillance and intervention.

23. Basel Technical Guidelines
Implementing ULAB Recovery
Recycling options
Domestic
Export
Regional Solutions
Collection Infrastructure
Basel Technical Guidelines
Finally, I will just mention that the Guidelines also have a Chapter that provides a framework for the implementation of a program for the environmentally sound recovery of ULAB.
The various recycling options are considered in the context of ensuring environmentally sound recycling, such as:
Domestic Recycling if there are suitable facilities with capacity
Export to a country with environmentally sound recycling capacity
Regional solutions that build on complementary synergies
There is also a section that examines ULAB collection options and the different infrastructure required in each case, depending on whether it is market driven or incentive based.

24. SBC ULAB Project – Outcomes
Regional ULAB Project
Outcomes:
A 7 Step Approach to ESM
A strategy restricting “Informals”
Training Manual ULAB ESM
SBC ULAB Project – Outcomes
There have been some significant outcomes from this project, namely:
A Model seven step process to achieve Environmentally Sound Management (ESM) of Used Lead Acid Batteries (ULAB).
A strategy to restrict the illicit activities of the “informal sector”, whilst providing them opportunities to work in the “formal sector” collecting ULAB for shipment to a licensed smelter.
A comprehensive Training Manual that covers all the requirements of the Technical Guidelines and the Model seven step approach to achieving environmentally sound management of used lead acid batteries at a National Level.
A Regional Strategy agreed by ten Countries as part of the Pilot Project for the Environmentally Sound Recovery of Used Lead Acid Batteries in accordance with the Basel Technical Guidelines.
A Regional Strategy

25. SBC ULAB Project – Training Manual
Regional ULAB Project
Outcomes:
A 7 Step Approach to ESM
A strategy restricting “Informals”
Training Manual ULAB ESM
SBC ULAB Project – Training Manual
I will just take a moment to give you an insight into the eight chapters of the Training Manual, because the manual complements the Technical Guidelines.
The Guidelines state, “what to do”, and the Manual explains in detail, “How to do it”.
A Regional Strategy

26. SBC ULAB Project – Training Manual
I will just take a moment to give you an insight into the eight chapters of the Training Manual, because the manual complements the Technical Guidelines.
The Guidelines state, “what to do”, and the Manual explains in detail, “How to do it”.

27. SBC ULAB Project – Training Manual
Assessment of ESM
Collection, Storage – Shipping
Formal Sector Strategies
Informal Sector Controls
Communication and Information
Site Remediation
SBC ULAB Project – Training Manual
Chapter 1 explains precisely how to conduct an accurate national inventory of used lead acid batteries, essential to prepare a National Action Plan.
Chapter 2 provides a range of illustrations, graphics and interactive examples of best practice for Used Lead Acid Battery collection, storage, transport and shipping.
Chapters 3 & 4 deal with the different strategies required to control the environmental performance of the formal sector and restrict the undesirable activities of the “informals”.
Communication, information and education issues, including public awareness and community engagement are covered in Chapter 5.
Of concern to nearly all the governments of Central America is Site Remediation and cost effective options are outlined in Chapter 6.
Chapter 7 covers the essential elements of occupational health and safety at every stage to the Used Lead Acid Battery recovery process.
And finally, Chapter 8 provides a step by step explanation of the Basel Convention’s requirements and obligations concerning the control of Transboundary Movements of used lead acid batteries.
Occupational Health and Safety
Transboundary Regulations.

28. Thank you