1. The Growth of a Young Nation

2. Purposes of the Constitution
The initial goals of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was to amend the Articles of Confederation
Their 5 goals for creating a new Constitution were:
To establish legitimacy: The right to rule
To create appropriate structures for a representative democracy
To describe and distribute power between the different branches and the states
To limit government powers
To allow for change: Amendments

3. The Preamble
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
Use S.O.A.P.S.tone to analyze this source
Identify which of the framers goals “the Preamble” applies to. Why?

4. The Bill of Rights
The Anti-federalists demanded these first 10 amendments for the Constitution in order to ensure the rights of the people.
With a partner, complete the Bill of Rights worksheet.
When you are finished, follow the directions at the bottom of the page.

5. Development of the Two Party System
George Washington, the first president of the USA, appointed men to help him run the government:
Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury

6. Hamilton vs. Jefferson Hamilton: Jefferson:
Strong Central Government led by a wealthy and educated upper class
Commerce and Industry were the keys to success
FEDERALISTS
Jefferson:
Distrust of the central government
He favored strong state and local government
A society of Farmer Citizens
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
The differences in Washington’s cabinet gave rise to a two-party system

7. Washington advises against Political Parties
Washington’s Farewell Address:
“However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.”
The Address of General Washington to the People of America, 1796.

8. The Jeffersonian Era
The Election of 1800: A hard fought battle against John Adams the current president that remained PEACEFUL
John Marshall and the Supreme Court
Before Adams left office he tried to influence future decisions by attempting to appointing Federalist judges= Midnight Judges

9. Marbury vs. Madison 1803 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TVkeRUvX_U
By denying Marbury’s claim that Madison had to deliver the appointments Chief Justice John Marshall set up the system of Judicial Review.
The Constitution is the “supreme law of the land, no law that goes against the Constitution can be valid.”
Judicial Review: review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
With a partner review the Court Decision and answer the subsequent questions.

10. Marbury vs. Madison
What is Judicial Review? What is the significance of Judicial Review?

11. The Louisiana Purchase 1803
Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to Jefferson for $15 million
It doubled the size of the United States
Lewis and Clark led a group to explore the territory in 1804.
They showed that transcontinental travel was possible

12. The War of 1812
Fighting between England and France caused problems with American shipping
President James Madison was upset with British policy of impressment
Impressment= seizing American sailors at sea and forcing them into the British navy.
Victory led to the end of the Federalist Party, the growth of American industry, and the legitimacy of the USA

13. Nationalism and James Monroe
The Monroe Doctrine 1823
“Our policy in regard to Europe…is not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers…But in regard to those continents of the Western Hemisphere…its is impossible that the allied [European] powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness.”
Annual message to Congress, James Monroe 1823

14. The Age of Jackson Andrew Jackson=the rugged Westerner
Established Jacksonian Democracy: political power for all classes
The Spoils System gave jobs to friends and allies

15. Civilization or Removal
Civilization: Native Americans would become farmers; convert to Christianity; own individual portions of land, rather than share; learn to read and write English; and ultimately become Americans

16. Civilization or Removal
Removal: Based on the idea that the civilization was never going to succeed and the only option was to find some place in the West to settle Native Americans
Trail of Tears

17. The Indian Removal Act 1830 Trail of Tears
Removal and Relocation of Native American tribes

18. Trail of Tears, Robert Lindneux 1942

19. Indian Removal Act Highlight all of the “ benefits” of removal.
Explain Andrew Jackson’s argument in 13 words
After learning about what happened on the Trail of Tears, Circle the sentence that is the most shocking to you

21. Manifest Destiny
Many Americans believed their movement Westward was predestined by God
The USA was destined to reach the Pacific Ocean. In fact, it was manifest or obvious/inevitable
Ex: The Oregon Trail

22. Manifest Destiny
Manifest: clear or obvious
Destiny: future or fate

23. Manifest Destiny

24. The United States, 1872

25. Map of the United States 1816

26. John Melish Map of the United States 1816

27. Melish Commentary on his Map
To present the country this way was desirable…the map shows at a glance the whole extent of the United States territory from sea to sea.
In tracing the probable expansion of the human race from east to west, the mind finds an agreeable resting place on its western limits. The view is complete and leaves nothing to be wished for. It also adds to the beauty and symmetry of the map.
John Melish, Map of the United States,1816