1. TYPES OF ENERGY NOTES
Potential, Kinetic, Mechanical, Sound, Thermal (Heat), Light, Nuclear, Electrical

2. What is energy? The ability to do work and/or to cause a change
Joule: standard scientific unit in which energy is measured

3. Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Has been proven in all cases (that’s why it’s a LAW)
Although in many instances it may appear that energy is gained or lost, it is really only changed in form.

4. KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy is energy in motion
Kinetic energy increases as mass increases.
Ex: if a bowling ball and a soccer ball were moving at the same speed, the bowling ball would have more kinetic energy because of its greater mass.
Kinetic energy increases as speed increases.
Ex: If 2 identical bowling balls were rolling along at different speeds, the faster one would have more kinetic energy because of its greater speed.

5. POTENTIAL ENERGY
Potential energy is the energy an object has because of its position or shape.
The height above the ground and the mass of an object determine potential energy due to gravity.

6. Types of Energy Kinetic Potential Chemical Electrical Sound Thermal
Nuclear
Kinetic
Potential
Gravitational
Thermal
Light
Aka
Electromagnetic
Elastic
Mechanical

7. Mechanical Energy
Energy of an object due to its motion or position-it is an objects combined kinetic and potential energy
Example: A thrown basketball has mechanical energy as a result of its motion (kinetic) and its position above the ground (gravitational potential energy)
Formula: MЕ = PE + KE

8. Nuclear Energy
Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. In a nuclear reaction, a tiny portion of an atom’s mass is turned into energy. The source of the Sun’s energy is nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can be used to run power plants that provide electricity.

9. Light aka Electromagnetic Energy
The energy associated with electrical and magnetic interactions. Energy that is transferred by electrical currents is often called electric energy. Another type of EME is radiant energy: the energy carried by light, infrared waves, and x-rays

10. Thermal Energy
The total random kinetic energy of particles in an object. The energy an object has due to the motion of molecules. (friction)
Example: A glass of water can have the temp as Lake Superior, but the lake has far more thermal energy because the lake contains more water molecules.

11. Chemical Energy
The energy STORED in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together. If a molecule’s bonds are broken or rearranged, energy is released or absorbed.

12. Energy Efficiency
The measure of usable energy after an energy conversion.
Example: Energy-efficient household appliances convert a greater percentage of energy into the desired form than inefficient ones.
Example: The more energy efficient a fan is, the more electrical energy it turns to kinetic energy in the moving blades.

13. Heat
The flow of energy from an object at a higher temp to an object of a lower temp
Temperature: the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
Hot  particles moving fast
Cold  particles moving slow
Thermometer: measures temp through the regular variation of some physical property of the material inside the thermometer

14. Heat Continued……
Calorie: amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1°C.
1 calorie = 4.18 Joules
In food, 1 calorie is actually 1 Kilocalorie = calories. 1 calorie in food contains enough energy to raise the temp of 1 Kilogram of water by 1°C. So, each calorie of food contains 1000 calories of energy
Specific Heat: amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance (other than water) by 1°C.

15. When heat energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction, this is known as an ENDOTHERMIC reaction. Usually the temp will cool, and the molecules slow down
When heat energy is released in a chemical reaction, this is known as an EXOTHERMIC reaction. Usually the temp will warm, and the molecules speed up.

16. Energy moves as heat in 3 ways:
1. Conduction: the process that moves energy from one object to another when they are touching physically.
Conductors: materials that transfer energy easily. Example: metals
Insulators: poor conductors, often have high specific heats. Examples: wood, plastic

17. Energy moves as heat in 3 ways:
2. Convection: process that transfers energy by the movement of large number of particles in same direction within a liquid or a gas.
Responsible in nature for most winds and ocean currents

18. Energy moves as heat in 3 ways:
3. Radiation: energy that travels as electromagnetic waves, which includes visible light, microwaves, and infrared light
The sun is the most significant source

19. ENERGY MOVES AS HEAT IN 3 WAYS: