1. What’s the Matter?

2. What is our world made of?
Rock
Oil
Wood
Water
Sand
Air
Lava

3. What is our world made of?
Solids
Rock
Oil
Liquids
Wood
Water
Gases
Sand
Air
Lava

4. Do these all take up space and have mass?
Matter
Solids
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
Water
There are 3 states of matter:
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Liquids
Rock
Gases
Do these all take up space and have mass?
Air

6. Properties of the States of Matter
Solids
Properties:
Does the shape change?
Does the volume change?
Can you compress it?
Does it flow?
Liquids
Gases

7. Solids Liquids Gases Definite shape Definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Cannot flow
Solids
Liquids
No definite shape
Definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Can flow
No definite shape
No definite volume
Can be compressed
Can flow
Gases

8. Particle Theory
Matter is made up of very small particles (which we call molecules, atoms or ions).
These particles are always vibrating
It is this movement that determines whether the object is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
our/particle_model/activity/

9. Particle Arrangement Solids Liquids Gases Arranged in a regular shape
Strong forces holding them together
Vibrate but can’t move out of position
Liquids
No regular arrangement – take the shape of the container
Particles in contact and slide over each other
Forces holding particles together weaker than solid, stronger than gas
Random arrangement
Very far apart – weak forces between particles
Can move in all directions
Move quickly and spread into the space available
Gases

10. What is in between these particles?
Particle Arrangement
Solids
What is in between these particles?
Liquids
NOTHING!!
Gases

11. Questions Can gases be compressed? Explain using particle theory
Why is it easy to pour a liquid?
Why do solids have a fixed shape?
Why do gases fill all available space?

12. Diffusion
50 cm3 of peas cm3 of salt
= __________ cm3

13. Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles to spread out and fill all of the available space
In gases it takes place quickly – particles moving fast & weak forces
In liquids & solids it happens more slowly – less movement of particles & stronger forces than in gases

14. Diffusion
SMELL
AIR

15. How do we change state? Melting Boiling Freezing Condensing
Gas (steam)
Melting
Boiling
Freezing
Condensing
Solid
Liquid

16. Melting HEAT Solid -> Liquid Particles vibrate in a fixed position
Particles vibrate more and begin to spread out
Particles spread out to a liquid

17. Boiling Liquid -> Gas Particles in a liquid state
Particles gain energy and move more
Particles have enough energy to escape - evaporation

18. Boiling v Evaporation
Boiling: When evaporation begins to occur throughout the liquid, i.e. bubbles of gas form inside the liquid Evaporation: the changing of a liquid to a gas

19. Condensation REMOVE HEAT Gas -> Liquid
Particles lose energy when they are cooled
Particles become closer to together and are in liquid state
Particles in a gas state

20. Freezing REMOVE HEAT Liquid -> Solid Particles in a liquid state
Particles lose energy when they are cooled
Particles cannot flow when they become closer – can only vibrate

21. Question
What are the ideal conditions when hanging out clothes to dry?

22. Dry, warm and windy
Evaporation is helped by the wind
The wind blows away the particles that have already evaporated
This makes room for more particles to evaporate

23. Questions
On a cold morning if you breath on the window of the car what happens?
What happens to the mirror in the bath room when you have a hot shower?
Why do they happen?
Why does butter spread more easily if it is warmed slightly?
Why do ice cubes added to a glass of lemonade slowly disappear?

24. True or False? Particles only move in the liquid and gas phase
Liquids are easy to compress
The particles of a gas are packed tightly together
Solids take the shape of the container they are in.