1. Effects of Hospitalization to Children

2. Illness and hospitalization  first crises children’s encounter in their life
Represent a change from the usual state of health and environmental routine
Has limited number of coping mechanisms to resolve stressors

3. Major Stressor Fear of unfamiliar environment and people around
Uncertainty of hospital rules and expectation
Fear of pain and discomfort
Thought of hospitalization as punishment
Loss of emotional and physical control
Loss of independent and identity
Fear of rejection
Restriction of daily activities and force dependence on others
Separation from family and friends

4. Factors influence the extent of negative reactions
Previous experience
Developmental status of the child
Parent-child interaction
Seriousness of the illness
Severity of the procedures
Coping style of the child

5. Benefits effect of Hospitalization
Recovery from illness
Opportunity for the child to master stress and feel competent in their coping abilities
Provide new socialization experiences that broaden IPR

6. Nursing Interventions
Preventing or minimizing separation [preparation of hospitalization, FCC]
Minimizing Loss of Control [ promote freedom of movement]
Minimized Fear of Bodily Injury
Providing Opportunities for Play and any Expressive activities