1. Organismal Reproduction
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Organismal Reproduction
Human Reproduction and Plant Reproduction

2. Human reproductive strategy
Internal fertilization
Internal gestation
Long gestation (40 weeks)
One offspring at a time (usually)
Long term parental care (18+ years)
Sexual dimorphism – phenotypic differences in males vs. females
Human reproductive anatomy
Focus on internal anatomy that produce and interact with the gametes

3. Female Reproductive anatomy – Side view
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction 2 1 3 4 5
Ovary – Ovum producing female reproductive organ
Location of meiosis
Approximately one ova released (ovulation) about each month
Ovarian cycle is hormonally controlled
Oviduct (Fallopian tube) – tube that connects the ovary to the uterus
Location of fertilization

4. Female Reproductive anatomy – Side view
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction 3 4 5
Uterus (womb) – reproductive organ that each reproductive cycle prepares for a possible pregnancy
Endometrium – tissue lining the inside of the uterus, thickens, hormonally controlled
No fertilization - Lining is shed in the process of menstruation
Fertilization – Lining stays intact, location of embryo/fetus development

5. Female Reproductive anatomy – Side view
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Female Reproductive anatomy – Side view 4 5
Cervix – opening to the uterus, connects uterus to vagina
Entry point for sperm (male gamete)
Cervical mucus can act as a barrier or as a transport medium for sperm depending on stage of the females reproductive cycle.
Vagina – muscular, mucus membrane tract
Location where sperm are deposited in sexual intercourse
Birth canal during child birth

6. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Female Reproductive anatomy – Front view 4 1 2 3 5 6
Ovaries
Follicle (shown at various stages of development)
contain one ova and a collection of support cells
One bursts releasing the ovum each month in the process of ovulation
Corpus luteum – forms from the burst follicle
Present only after ovulation
Releases necessary reproductive hormones
Oviduct
Fimbriae – feather like tissue at the ovary end of the oviduct
Captures the ovum after ovulation 7 8

7. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Female Reproductive anatomy – Front view 5 6 7 8
Uterus
Endometrium – lining of the uterus
Thickens in preparation for a possible pregnancy
If fertilization occurs - Location of embryo implantation
No fertilization – thickened lining is shed in the process of menstruation
Cervix
Vagina

8. Male Reproductive anatomy – Side View
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction 5 4 6 8 4 7 3 1 2
Testis – Male sex organ that produces sperm
Location of Meiosis
Millions of sperm produced each day, hormonally controlled process
Scrotum – external skin that incases the testes, most likely for temperature regulation
Epididymis – tightly coiled tube structure
Storage and final development location for sperm
Start here with C-block

9. Male Reproductive anatomy – Side View
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction 5 4 6 8 4 7
Vas deferens – tube that transports sperm away from the epididymis during ejaculation
Composed of smooth muscle tissue, sperm move via peristalsis
Seminal vesicle – secrete fluid that makes up about 50% of the seminal fluid
alkaline pH
High in fructose that the sperm use as fuel
Start here with C-block

10. Male Reproductive anatomy – Side View
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction 6 8 7
Prostate gland – releases fluid that make up about 50% of the seminal fluid
Alkaline pH
Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland) – releases small amount of clear fluid through the urethra pre ejaculation
Clears the path of acidic urine for the sperm
Can contain sperm
Urethra – tube that carries semen out in the process of ejaculation
Start here with C-block

11. Male Reproductive anatomy – front view5 6 7 8 2 4 3 1
Testes
Seminiferous tubule – coiled tubes that make up the testis, location of meiosis
Scrotum
Epididymis
Vas deferens

12. Male Reproductive anatomy – front view5 6 7 8
Seminal vesicles
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)
Urethra

13. Hormonal Control of Sperm Production
Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Hormonal Control of Sperm Production
Example of Stimulus Response
Interaction between nervous system, endocrine system and reproductive systems
Hormones
FSH LH
Testosterone

14. Male hormones

15. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Hormonal Control of the Female Reproductive Cycle
Example of Stimulus Response
Interaction between nervous system, endocrine system and reproductive systems
Two intertwined hormonally controlled cycles…
Ovarian Cycle – describes the events in the ovaries
FSH, LH
Menstrual Cycle – describes the events in uterus
Estrogen, Progesterone

16. Female hormones

17. Flowering Plants - Angiosperms
Just about every plant you could think of
Produce enclosed seeds
Produce fruit
Dominate plant life on earth
About 250,000 known species
Gymnosperms are the other main class of plant
Conifers, gingko plants
About species

18. Flowers of all types
Flowers are the reproductive structure of angiosperms
Most are hermaphroditic
Male and female sex organs on the same flower or on the same plant
Some have male plants and female plants
Structurally different flowers

19. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Anatomy of a flower
Sepals – leaf like petals, protective
Usually the tissue left over from the bud
Petals – typically colorful
Related to attracting a pollinator or collecting pollen from the air

20. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Anatomy of a flower
Male parts
Stamen – 2 parts
Anther – pollen producing part of the flower
Pollen – contains male gametes
Filament – holds anther in position so that pollen is picked up by a vector (wind, bee, bird, person, etc.)

21. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Anatomy of a flower
Female parts
Carpel – 3 parts
Stigma – sticky end, location pollen enters the female anatomy
Style – connects stigma to ovary
Ovary – location of female gametes, develops into fruit after fertilization
Ovules – contain egg and support cells

22. Sticky stigma, no anthers
Dry stigma, Anthers present

24. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Pollination
Process of pollen contacting the stigma and forming a pollen tube creating a path for the two male gametes to the ovary

26. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Double Fertilization
One sperm fertilizes the egg forming a zygote (2n)
One sperm “fertilizes” a specialized support cell and forms an endosperm (3n)

27. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Seeds
Seeds
develop from the ovules
Germination – initial process growth into a plant
Usually triggered by water
Roots and shoots

28. Unit 5, Topic 6 - Seed Plant Reproduction
Fruits
Fruit
Matured ovary
Protects seeds
Helps in seed dispersal