1. What is Organic Chemistry?
What do you know about Carbon?

2. Carbon Compounds (2.3) Organic Chemistry
Carbon has 4 valence electrons

3. Macromolecules “giant molecules” Formed by polymerization
Small units (Monomers) join together to form polymers

4. Four groups of Organic Cmpds. Found in Living things
1. Carbohydrates - made up of C, H, O 1:2:1
Main source of energy for living things
Structural in plants and some animals
Glucose broken down, supplies energy
Extra sugar stored as complex CHO STARCH
starch = polymer
sugar molecules = monomers

5. Monosaccharides
-single sugar molecule
-glucose, galactose, fructose
Polysaccharides
-formed from monosacc.
-extra sugar stored in glycogen

6. Carbohydrates
Starch
Glucose

7. Lipids Insoluble in water Made mostly from C and H Fats, oils, waxes
Used to store energy
Part of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Steroids (chemical messengers, ex. cholesterol) are lipids

8. Structure of Lipids Glycerol + fatty acids (fig.2-14)
Saturated-each C in the F.A. is joined to a C by single bond (F.A. contains the max. no. H atoms)

10. Unsaturated-at least one C-C double bond in the F.A.
Polyunsaturated-F.A. contains more than one double bond
Unsaturated-liquid at room temp.
Cooking oils = polyunsaturated

11. Nucleic Acids Macromolecules made up of H, O, N, C, P
Polymers assembled from nucleotides (monomers)
Nucleotides made of 3 parts: 1. 2. 3.

12. Nucleic acids Store and transmit genetic information Two kinds of N.A.
1. RNA (ribose)
2. DNA (deoxyribose)

13. The structure of a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Nucleotides
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

14. Proteins Macromolecules, contain C, H, O, N
Made up of amino acids *peptide bonds
-amino group
-carboxyl group
-More than 20 different A.A. in nature
-the side chain called the R-group is different
-Dehydration synthesis vs. hydrolysis

16. Functions of Proteins Control rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Used to form bones, muscles
Transport materials into or out of cells
Help fight disease
Up to 4 levels of organization