1. Calcium-Channel Blockers Preserve Coronary Endothelial Reactivity After Ischemia- Reperfusion 
François Dagenais, MD, Raymond Cartier, MD, Charleen Hollmann, RN, Josie Buluran, BS 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages (April 1997)
DOI: /S (96)

2. Fig. 1
Experimental protocol. (CCB = calcium-channel blocker; 5-HT = 5-hydroxytryptamine; SNP = sodium nitroprusside.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

3. Fig. 2
Effects of preischemic infusion of the calcium-channel blockers nifedipine (hatched bars), verapamil (white bars), and diltiazem (black bars) on coronary basal flow (CBF), left ventricular pressure (LVP), and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt). Concentrations used were 10−9 to 10−6 mol/L for each of the calcium antagonists. (Dunnet’s analysis of variance: ∗p < 0.05 referred to subgroup of each drug compared with control group and †p < referred to in-between group differences for each concentration.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

4. Fig. 3
Effects of nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem perfusion (arrow indicates perfusion start) on left ventricular pressure (LVP), first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), mean coronary flow, and pulsatile coronary flow at the 10−7 mol/L concentration. Recordings show a significant increase in mean and pulsatile coronary flow with all calcium-channel blockers; the maximal flow increase was obtained with nifedipine. The decrease in left ventricular pressure and dP/dt was maximal with verapamil and minimal with diltiazem.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

5. Fig. 4
This figure represents an example of real-time value of coronary flow increase to 5-hydroxytryptamine before (right) and after ischemia-reperfusion (left) at a concentration of 10−9 mol/L. As illustrated, nifedipine and verapamil better preserved endothelium-dependent relaxation than diltiazem at that concentration.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

6. Fig. 5
Percentage of preservation of preischemic value of endothelium-dependent coronary flow increase to 5-hydroxytryptamine for all groups pretreated with the calcium antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem compared with control. Concentrations used were 10−9 to 10−6 mol/L for each calcium-channel blocker. (Dunnet’s variance analysis.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

7. Fig. 6
Percentage of preservation of preischemic value of endothelium-dependent coronary flow increase to 5-hydroxytryptamine for all groups pretreated with the calcium antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. Concentrations used were 10−9 to 10−6 mol/L for each calcium-channel blocker. (Dunnet’s variance analysis.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )