1. Overall commissioning strategy for protons (estd. 2005)
Stage A B C D
Hardware commissioning
Machine checkout
Beam commissioning
43 bunch operation
75ns ops
25ns ops I
Install Phase II and MKB
25ns ops II
No beam
Beam
Pilot physics run
First collisions
43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities
Displace bunches to optimise collisions in the 4 experiments
Push performance
Performance limit few 1031 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
75ns operation
Establish multi-bunch operation, moderate intensities
Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)
Push squeeze and crossing angle
Performance limit 1033 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
25ns operation I
Nominal crossing angle
Push squeeze
Increase intensity to 50% nominal
Performance limit cm-2 s-1
25ns operation II
Push towards nominal performance
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

2. Summary of constraints for 2008 run
Equipment
Parameter affected
Limitation
Strategy since a while for Stage 7TeV
Beam dump dilution kickers
Total Intensity
50% nominal
Collimators phase I
Aperture
* in 1 and 5
2m (0.55m nominal)
New for 2008
Detraining of main dipoles
Energy
5TeV 3m
TCTVBs at 2 and 8
* in 2 and 8 6m
Longitudinal blowup in LHC
Longitudinal emittance
1eV.s (2.5eV.s nominal)
Lower bunch length (and smaller luminous region)
Lower momentum spread
Lower threshold for longitudinal instability
Faster growth rates for IBS
All OK for 1eV.s
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

3. Hardware commissioning
Strategy for 2008 and 2009
2008 A
Hardware commissioning
To 5TeV
Machine checkout
Beam commissioning
5TeV
43/156 bunch operation
Train to 7TeV
No beam
Beam
2009 B C
Train to
7TeV
Machine checkout
Beam Setup
75ns ops
25ns ops I
Shutdown
No beam
Beam
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

4. Parameter tables
Compiled by M.Giovannozzi with input by LHCCWG, in particular
W. Herr, J. Jowett, E. Métral, E. Shaposhnikova
for
43 bunch operation at 5TeV
156 bunch operation at 5TeV
43 bunch operation at 7TeV
156 bunch operation at 7TeV
75ns bunch operation at 7TeV
50ns bunch operation at 7TeV
25ns bunch operation at 7TeV
Available on the LHCCWG web site at
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

5. 43 bunch parameters 2008 - settings
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

6. 43 bunch parameters 2008 - derived
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

7. Getting ready for Stage A
Commissioning plan developed within LHCCWG during
Broken down into 12 phases
Details developed by the people who will implement it
Coordinators, commissioners, EiCs, accelerators system experts
Presentations, discussion, follow up
Procedures documented on the web
Circulation in EDMS for project wide information/approval
Each phase reviewed by LTC during 2007
Orthogonal views (system-centric) presented at eLTC in March 2008
Phase A.1
First turn
Phase A.2
Circulating pilot
Phase A.3
450 GeV first commissioning
Phase A.4
450 GeV optics
Phase A.5
450 GeV, increasing intensity
Phase A.6
450 GeV, two beam operation
Phase A.7
450 GeV, collisions
Phase A.8
Snap-back and ramp
Phase A.9
Top energy, checks
Phase A.10
Top energy, collisions
Phase A.11
Squeeze
Phase A.12
Experimental magnets
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

8. Commissioners responsible for phase/system
Accelerator System or activity
Commissioner
Machine checkout
G.Arduini
Transfer lines
LHC injection and protection
J.Uythoven
Threading
First turn
Closed orbit
J.Wenninger
RF Capture
Energy matching
450GeV machine
Q, Q’, coupling, Beating and dispersion, Aperture etc
M.Giovannozzi
Two beam operation
R.Assmann
Ramp
M.Lamont
Top energy machine
F.Zimmermann
Collisions
Experimental conditions
H.Burkhardt
Squeeze
S.Fartoukh
RF power systems
O.Brunner
RF low level systems
P.Baudrenghien
LBDS and protection
B.Goddard
BI systems
R.Jones
Collimation
Machine protection
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

9. Commissioning procedures (LHCCWG)
Phase A.1
First turn
Phase A.2
Circulating pilot
Phase A.3
450 GeV first commissioning
Phase A.4
450 GeV optics
Phase A.5
450 GeV, increasing intensity
Phase A.6
450 GeV, two beam operation
Phase A.7
450 GeV, collisions
Phase A.8
Snap-back and ramp
Phase A.9
Top energy, checks
Phase A.10
Top energy, collisions
Phase A.11
Squeeze
Phase A.12
Experimental magnets
Web based with EDMS approval
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

10. Commissioning procedures - overall
All documents follow the same structure
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

11. Commissioning procedures - steps
Procedures for phase A.3, 450 GeV, initial commissioning
Phase
Step
Activity
Who (OP +)
A.3
A3.1
Final RF commissioning with Pilot Intensity RF
A3.2
BCTFR and BPM checks with Pilot Intensity BI
A3.3
First Commissioning of Beam Dumping System (pilot)
BT BI ATB
A3.4
Commission systems with higher intensity   (3 x 1010)
BT BI RF
A3.5
Establish cycling machine (3 x 1010) OP
A3.6
Lifetime optimisation (3 x 1010)
A3.7
Further commissioning of beam instrumentation (3 x 1010)
A3.8
Basic optics checks in addition to LOCO Results (3 x 1010)
AP BI RF
A3.9
Further commissioning of beam dumping system (3 x 1010)
BT BI
A3.10
Commission feedback systems (3 x 1010)
RF BI
A3.11
Rough Setting up of the TDI (3 x 1010) BT
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

12. Commissioning procedures - details
A3.3, First commissioning of beam dump
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

13. Commissioning procedures - details
A3.4, Commission systems with higher intensity
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

14. System-centric – beam dump
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

15. System-centric – beam dump
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

16. MP Commissioning procedures (JU)
MPS aspects of …
Collimation system commissioning
Injection protection system commissioning
Beam interlock system commissioning
Powering interlock system commissioning
Vacuum system commissioning
Beam dump system commissioning
FMCM system commissioning
BLM system commissioning
Warm magnet interlock system commissioning
EDMS approval
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

17. Getting BI systems ready (JJG)
BI HW Domain
BI SW Domain
Other Commissioners (ABP/CO/OP) Domain
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

18. Present activities (by phase/system commissioners)
Before beam
Ensure that the commissioning plan is ready (procedures)
Ensure that everything is in place (dry runs)
With beam
Orchestrate activities from the CCC
Make the necessary beam measurements and implement corrections
Pass on information to EICs for incorporation into routine operations
Make the necessary follow up
Close interaction with
Machine coordinators
System experts
EiCs
Commissioners
G.Arduini
J.Uythoven
J.Wenninger
M.Giovannozzi
R.Assmann
M.Lamont
F.Zimmermann
H.Burkhardt
S.Fartoukh
O.Brunner
P.Baudrenghien
B.Goddard
R.Jones +
System experts
EiCs …
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

19. Stage A: routes through the commissioning phases
Snapback
Ramp
Injection
First turn
Snapback
Ramp
Top energy
checks
Injection
First turn
Circulating
beam
Top energy
checks
Squeeze
Circulating
beam
450GeV
initial
Squeeze
450GeV
initial
450GeV
optics
Ramp
both beams
Experiment
magnets
OFF
450GeV
optics
450GeV
Increase I
Top energy
Collisions
Squeeze
both beams
450GeV
Increase I
Dipoles
OFF
450GeV
2 beams
Beam 2
Pilot
physics
Beam 1
450GeV
Collisions
2 beams
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

20. Sector test in case of trouble somewhere
Beam 2
Beam 1
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

21. Stage A: 5TeV collisions
Approx 30 days of beam to establish first collisions
Approx 2 months elapsed
Given optimistic machine availability
Un-squeezed
Low intensity
Continue commissioning thereafter
Increased intensity
Squeeze
Parameters
Rates in 1 and 5 kb N
* 1,5
(m)
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
1 (3)
1010 11
<< 1 4 43
4 1010 3
0.36
156
9 1010
1.8
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

22. First collisions - 4 on 4 normal bunches3 5 3
ATLAS sees
ALICE sees
CMS sees
LHCb sees nothing
( IP8 sees )
Collisions here 4 2 4 2 8 2 1 1 1
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

23. First collisions - 3 on 3 normal, 1 on 1 displaced5 3
ATLAS sees
ALICE sees 43 14
CMS sees
LHCb sees 12
Collisions here 4 4 2 2
Minimum to give collisions in all of
the 4 experiments is
3 bunches per beam
(2 normal, 1 displaced) 8 2 1 1 1
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

24. First collisions - 2 on 2 normal, 2 on 2 displaced3 5 3 4 4
ATLAS sees
ALICE sees nothing
CMS sees
LHCb 12 34
Collisions here 2 2 8 2 1 1 1
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

25. Parameter evolution and rates
All values for nominal emittance, 10m * in points 2 and 8
All values for 936 or 2808 bunches colliding in 2 and 8 (not quite right)
Parameters
Beam levels
Rates in 1 and 5
Rates in 2 and 8 kb N
* 1,5
(m)
Ibeam
proton
Ebeam
(MJ)
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing 43
4 1010 11
1.4
<< 1
Depend on the configuration of collision pattern 3
0.36
156 5
9 1010
1.8
936 42
0.15 2
0.73
6 1010 63
1.6
0.34 1 94 7
0.76
2808
126
0.72
5 1010
157
2.1
0.24
0.55
3.6
5 TeV
7 TeV
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

26. Configuration of collision pattern
75ns
25ns
IP 1
936
2808
IP 2
912
2736
IP 5
IP 8
874
2622
25ns and 75ns operation
Nothing to do
Collisions determined by bunch pattern
43 or 156 bunch operation
Can optimise according to needs
Previously thought to displace bunches in one beam (asym)
Can do better (symmetrically displace bunches in both beams)
Allows to adjust luminosity sharing between 2 and 8 while keeping maximum number of collisions in 1 and 5
Displaced
4 asym
4 sym
11 sym
19 sym
36 sym
68 sym
IP 1 43 39
156
IP 2 42 38 34 21 4
152 76 16
IP 5
IP 8 11 19 36 68
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

27. Stage A physics running for ALICE and LHCb
Displaced
4 asym
4 sym
11 sym
19 sym
36 sym
68 sym
IP 1 43 39
156
IP 2 42 38 34 21 4
152 76 16
IP 5
IP 8 11 19 36 68
All values for nominal emittance, 10m * in point 2
Parameters
Beam levels
Rates in 2
Rates in 8 kb N
* 8
(m)
Ibeam
proton
Ebeam
(MJ)
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing 43
4 1010 10
1.4
0.1 6
0.2
156 5
9 1010 11
0.5
0.9
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

28. Aims for 2008 Commission machine to 5TeV Secondary aims Tertiary aims
Multiple bunches circulating in each ring (43)
Moderate intensities (few 1010)
Single beam lifetimes ~ 30h
Injection optics (β*= 11 m in IR 1 & 5, β*= 10 m in IR 2 & 8)
No squeeze
No crossing angle
Collisions
Secondary aims
Commission squeeze in 1 and 5 to 3m
Commission squeeze in 8 to 6m
Push intensities (156 bunches, high 1010)
Tertiary aims
Commission crossing angle
Commission 75ns beams
106 seconds
Realistically (1 and 5)
30 days of physics
Efficiency for physics 40%
Peak luminosity around 1031 cm-2 s-1
Integrated luminosity ~ 10 pb-1
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
(106 <L> of 1030 cm-2 s-1 → 1 pb-1)

29. Aims for 2009 Commission high energy operation Mixture of
Aim for 7TeV (magnets will decide)
43 /156 bunch running to start (brief)
75ns running
25ns running
High 1032 cm-2 s-1 is in reach
Mixture of
Operation for physics
Machine studies
Scheduled stops
Access, injection, ramp, squeeze etc
Colliding beams
Ion run ?
5 106 seconds
Realistically (1 and 5)
150 days of physics
Efficiency for physics 40%
Peak luminosity around 1033 cm-2 s-1
Integrated luminosity ~ few fb-1
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008
(106 <L> of 1033 cm-2 s-1 → 1 fb-1)

30. Summary Commissioning plan developed through 2006 and 2007
Presented and circulated for approval in 2007
Commissioning responsibilities agreed
Clear strategy for 2008 and 2009
Performance estimates provided
Procedures not expected to be rigidly followed
Procedures not expected to be watertight
Web version remains the master
We think we are ready - we need to get going with beam
R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008