1. Why are ventricles of the heart more muscular than the atria?
Describe how the cardiac conduction system works with the cardiac cycle to cause a heart beat to occur.
Trace the path of a red blood cell from the toe, through the heart, lungs, back to heart and finally to the toe. Include all blood vessels, chambers of heart and organs along the route. When is blood oxygenated? When is blood deoxygenated?
Why are arteries found deep in the body and veins found closer to the surface?
Why is it necessary for arteries to be elastic?

2. Which part is the fluid part? Which part is defense part?
Name the four components of blood.
Which part is the fluid part?
Which part is defense part?
Which part helps with clotting?
Name of blood vessel which returns blood to the heart from lower body regions
Name of largest artery in the body
Valve located between right atrium and right ventricle
Name one of the two structures in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs
Name of the outermost layer of the heart.

3. 8. The ______ valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta.
9. The ______ valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
10. These string-like structures pull on 2 valves causing them to open.
11. This wall prevents blood from mixing between right and left sides of the heart.
12. Why is the systemic circulation important?
13. Why is the pulmonary circulation important?
14. Blood found in the right ventricle is ___________.
15. These thin walled blood vessels allow gases to move in and out of them.

4. 16. The organ responsible for bringing air to the bronchi is: 17
16. The organ responsible for bringing air to the bronchi is: 17. How does the system ? 18. Which nerve is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm? 19. _______ moves from the alveolus to the _________ due to differences in concentration. 20. Most of O2 is transported as ____________ and most of CO2 is transported as _______________. 21. The two parts of the brain that control respiration in the brainstem are:

5. This blood vessel is found in the pelvic/groin region and takes blood to the inferior vena cava
This blood vessel is found in the upper chest-it takes blood to each of the arms
This blood vessel is found in the neck-it takes blood back to the superior vena cava

6. What part of ventilation occurs when the diaphragm contracts
When the diaphragm contracts, what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity?______________ Pressure?____________________ This inverse relationship is due to ___________________ Law. Air _______________ the body.
What part of ventilation occurs when the diaphragm relaxes?____________________
When it relaxes, what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity?_________________
Pressure?__________________ So air _______________the body.

7. What is the membrane called that connects the wall of the alveolus and the blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli?___________________________
Gas exchange occurs here. __________________________
_______________________ travels across the respiratory membrane into the blood for all of your trillions of cells to go through ___________________________________. Without it, your cells would not be able to create_____________.