1. Jeopardy Atoms Bonds Solutions pH Water Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100

2. What is the charge on a proton?
$100 Question: Atoms
What is the charge on a proton?
A neutron? An electron?

3. $100 Answer: Atoms Protons are positively charged.
Neutrons are neutrally charged.
Electrons are negatively charged.

4. $200 Question: Atoms How do you find the number of
neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?

5. $200 Answer: Atoms
Subtract the atomic number from
the atomic mass.

6. $300 Question: Atoms Explain why an atom has the
same number of protons and electrons
when it’s neutrally charged.

7. $300 Answer: Atoms Protons are positively charged. Electrons
Are negatively charged. When you have
Same number of protons and electrons,
The charges balance and the atom is neutral.

8. $400 Question: Atoms Draw Bohr diagrams for three of the
elements key to life.

9. $400 Answer: Atoms
Results will vary.

10. $500 Question: Atoms
A student draws a model of an atom’s nucleus with all the protons clustered together and all the neutrons clustered together. What’s wrong with her picture?

11. $500 Answer: Atoms
Protons are positively charged and will repel each other. Interspersing neutrons (rather than clustering them together) minimizes that effect. This is particularly true in larger atoms!

12. $100 Question: Bonds What is an ionic bond? What charge
does each atom in an ionic bond take on?

13. $100 Answer: Bonds An ionic bond is a bond between a metal
and a nonmetal in which the metal
donates an electron to a nonmetal.
The metal becomes positively charged and
the nonmetal becomes negatively charged.

14. $200 Question: Bonds
What is the difference between an intermolecular bond and an intramolecular bond? Give an example of each.

15. $200 Answer: Bonds
Intramolecular bonds are within one molecule. Intermolecular bonds are between two or more molecules. Ionic and covalent bonds are intramolecular. Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular.

16. $300 Question: Bonds
Compare and contrast covalent
and hydrogen bonds.

17. $300 Answer: Bonds Covalent bonds are between two
nonmetals. They are intramolecular bonds
that involve the sharing of electrons equally
(nonpolar covalent bonds) or equally (polar
covalent bonds).
Hydrogen bonds form between two or more
polar covalent molecules. They are intermolecular
bonds that involve a weak attraction between
a slightly positive end of one molecule and a
slightly negative end of another.

18. $400 Question: Bonds Draw EITHER the formation of
an ionic bond between sodium and
chlorine or a covalent bond between one
oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.

19. $400 Answer: Bonds
Return.

20. $500 Question: Bonds Why can’t nonpolar covalently bonded
molecules form hydrogen bonds? Your
answer should be at least 4 sentences.

21. $500 Answer: Bonds
In nonpolar covalent bonds, there is a relatively equal distribution of electrons among the atoms. Therefore, the molecule is evenly charged. Because of the equality in charge, atoms do not attract or repel one another. Because of this they cannot form hydrogen bonds.

22. $100 Question: Solutions
Define solution.

23. $100 Answer: Solutions A substance into which a solute
is dissolved into a solvent and
in which the solute is distributed evenly.

24. $200 Question: Solutions Soda is a solution. What is the solute?
What is the solvent?

25. $200 Answer: Solutions Solute: Sugar, CO2, salt, flavoring
Solvent: Water

26. $300 Question: Solutions Describe how to perform a
serial dilution. How are serial dilutions
used in experiment?

27. $300 Answer: Solutions Diffusion Serial dilutions - made by taking
1 pt stock solution and diluting w/ 9pts H2O,
then diluting the resulting solution similarly.
Serial dilutions are used in experiments when
we want to dilute chemicals, etc., in a regulated
way.

28. $400 Question: Solutions You are designing an experiment
to test how much nicotine (a toxic substance
in cigarettes) a certain organism can tolerate.
you want to test various concentrations of
nicotine. Explain how you would incorporate
serial dilutions into the lab.

29. $400 Answer: Solutions You can extract nicotine from cigarettes.
This extract becomes your stock solution.
You can then use a serial dilution to test
the organism at various concentrations.

30. $500 Question: Solutions
You want to grow bacteria on a petri dish (a plate used for cell cultures). However, every time you put bacteria on the plate, too many grow to count. How could you get fewer bacteria onto the plate?
What you have
What you want

31. $500 Answer: Solutions Use a serial dilution!
You begin with a stock solution of
bacteria, then dilute it to suit your needs.

32. $100 Question: pH
Define “acid” and “base.” Give an
example of each.

33. $100 Answer: pH Acid - a substance with a pH from 0-6.9999 where the
number of H+ ions is greater than
the number of -OH ions.
Ex. Vinegar
Base - a substance with a pH frome
14 where the number of -OH ions is
greater than the number of H+ ions
Ex. Baking soda.

34. $200 Question: pH
What color does a pH indicator usually turn an acid? What color does it usually turn a base? A neutral?

35. $200 Answer: pH
Acid - red; base - blue-green;
Neutral - purple/clear

36. $300 Question: pH Compare and contrast qualitative
and quantitative data. Give an example
of each.

37. Qualitative data is data that uses observation and generally
$300 Answer: pH
Qualitative data is data that uses
observation and generally
doesn’t use numbers. Ex. Color,
smell, etc.
Quantitative data is data that uses
Numbers and precise measurements.
Ex. Length, mass, volume, etc.

38. $400 Question: pH
You are given an unknown solution and asked to determine its pH. Describe how you would determine its pH. What would you compare it to? What qualitative and quantitative data would you collect?

39. $400 Answer: pH Test the solution using a pH indicator
Evaluate its color (qualitative).
Determine if the solution is an acid, base or
neutral.
4) Assign it a pH value - a quantitative value.

40. $500 Question: pH
You are given an unknown solution and asked to determine its pH, but you’re out of pH indicator. However, you do have a way of testing how many and what kinds of ions are in the solution. From this information, how could you determine the pH?

41. $500 Answer: pH Rather than testing for pH directly, you
can test for the concentration of H+ and
-OH ions. Substances with a greater concentration
of H+ ions than -OH ions are acids. Substances
with a greater concentration of -OH ions than
H+ ions are bases. Substances with equal
concentrations are neutral.

42. $100 Question: Water
Define adhesion. Define cohesion.

43. $100 Answer: Water Adhesion is the tendency of water to stick to
things. Cohesion is the tendency of water
to stick to itself.

44. $200 Question: Water Compare and contrast two of the properties
of water.

45. $200 Answer: Water Adhesion vs. Cohesion
Surface Tension vs. Capillary Action
Density vs. temperature change
Solvent vs. ionization

46. $300 Question: Water
A basilisk is a lizard that can run on the surface
Of water. (Video shown below.) What property
Of water is likely involved in this ability?
Justify your answer in at least 2 sentences.

47. $300 Answer: Water
The lizard is likely using the surface tension of the water. Water has a high surface tension due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds between molecules.

48. $400 Question: Water Explain how hydrogen bonds contribute to
The properties of water. Your answer should
Include an illustration of hydrogen bonds and
an explaination of AT LEAST two properties
of water.

49. $400 Answer: Water
Because water is a polar covalent molecule, It has an uneven distribution of electrons. Therefore, it can form hydrogen bonds between its molecules. These hydrogen bonds cause water to stick to itself and other polar molecules. It also causes water to form surfaces and climb tubes. Lastly, it arranges into crystals, forming ice, which has a lower density than liquid water. H H
Oxygen
Oxygen H H

50. $500 Question: Water
Water’s special properties are based on its ability to form hydrogen bonds between polar molecules. Predict what will happen when a substance with both polar and nonpolar ends (shown below) is added to water.
Polar
Nonpolar

51. $500 Answer: Water
Putting a substance that’s both polar and nonpolar into water interupts the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Dish soap is polar and nonpolar - that’s why it didn’t climb up the paper towel through capillary action.

52. Final Jeopardy A gelatin block is prepared with some
dyed solution added to it. The dye will be
clear in the presence of acid, but turn pink
near a base. The block is placed in a plastic
bag. The block is placed above a container
that contains ammonia. After 1/2 an hour,
the block turns pink. Why does the gelatin
undergo a color change?

53. Final Jeopardy Answer Ammonia, a base, moved
through the plastic bag (a
membrane) by diffusion. The
membrane is selectively
permeable because it let the
ammonia in, but didn’t let the
gelatin out.