1. Cultural Diffusion Cultural/Spatial Diffusion Cultural diffusion:
People’s material and non- material creations spread across time and space, moving to new places and being carries through generations.
Cultural diffusion:
Spread of people’s cultural across space
Spatial diffusion:
Spread of any phenomenon (such as a disease) across space
Two categories of diffusion:
Expansion
Relocation

3. Cultural Diffusion Expansion Diffusion Relocation Diffusion
Def:
Cultural component spreads outward to new places while remaining strong in the hearth
Forms of Expansion Diffusion
Stimulus
Idea diffuses from hearth but original idea is changed
Iced tea vs Sweet tea
Hierarchical
Idea spreads from a place or person of power
Hip-hop moving from large cities to other larger cities to smaller cities to suburbs/ rural areas
Contagious
Numerous places or people near the point of origin become adopters
Ex: Tuberculosis
Relocation Diffusion
Def:
Involves actual movement of the original adapters from their hearth to a new place
People do the “moving” not the innovation
Migrant diffusion
Innovation spreads and lasts only a brief time in the newly adopted place
Ex: Band Concert
Mix of Patterns
Many diffusing phenomenon spread through mix of patterns
Ex: HIV/ AIDS

5. Culture Hearths Definition:
Areas where innovations in culture began, such as where agriculture, government, and urbanization originated
Sources of human civilization
Ancient culture hearths believed to have developed in places with the capacity for innovation
Near sources of water/ arable land
Not all innovations required interaction
Independent innovation
Ancient Hearth
Direction of Diffusion of Civilization from Ancient Hearth
Andean America
Eastward t/out S. America
Mesoamerica
Eastern/Western N. America
West Africa
T/out Africa
Nile River Valley
T/out Africa and S.W. Asia
Mesopotamia
T/out S.W. Asia, Europe, Central and East Asia, W. Africa
Indus River Valley
T/out S.W., Central, East Asia
Ganges River Valley
T/out South, SE, and SW Asia
Huang River Valley
T/out East and SE Asia

7. Cultural Convergence and Divergence
Definition:
Occurs when two cultures adopt each other’s traits and become more alike
Cultural Divergence
Occurs when two cultures become increasingly different
Often one group moves away from the territory of other
Acculturation
Occurs when two cultures come into contact with one another and the “weaker” of the two adopts traits from the more dominant culture
Assimilation
Sometimes acculturation leads to assimilation
When the original traits of the weaker culture are completely replaced by more dominant culture
Transculturation
When two cultures of just about equal power meet and exchange ideas

8. Now Summarize your Cornell Notes regarding cultural diffusion.
Briefly share your summary with your peers.
Identify elements that you think are necessary for a civilization to be classified as a civilization > Share
Next, carefully read and annotate the passage regarding civilizations > Summarize > Share & Discuss
Exit: John Green Civilizations
Objective: Identify elements that make-up a civilization