1. Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq

2. Fertile Crescent Arc of rich land
Farming and first civilizations developed

3. Jordan
Location
Arabian Desert and arable in the west

4. West Bank 1948 annexation fertile land
By the mid-1960’s, 1/3 of GNP came from region
1967
Devastated economy

5. Palestinians Palestinians fled to Jordan
Encouraged Palestinians to become part of society
Political Force

6. A Modern Country Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Improving economy
Political Reform
King Abdullah

7. Lebanon
Was prospering country
Bloody civil war destroyed country

8. Beginning of War shared power Maronites Muslims Economic problems
1958 and 1975

9. PLO
retaliate
International Peacekeepers
Muslim and Christian factions
Mid- 1980’s: anarchy
Agreement

10. Iraq Farming Oil War with Iran 1988 1990 Embargo Food for Oil Program
Kurds

11. Iraq History Ruled from 1958-2003 by military dictatorship
Saddam Hussein from
War between Iran and Iraq starting in 1980
Most fighting occurred over religious beliefs
Sunni vs. Shia
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990

12. Iraq Today Gulf Wars have resulted in oil issues
United States and British invasion in 2003 resulted in overthrow of Saddam Hussein
Issues with creation of a democratic government in Iraq

13. Arab Spring wave of protests
Ideas have spread quickly due to social media
To date:
rulers have been forced from power in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen;
civil uprisings have erupted in Bahrain and Syria;
major protests have broken out in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Sudan;
minor protests have occurred in Lebanon, Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, and Western Sahara.

14. Syria Damascus and Aleppo Fertile farmlands farming practices Future
Economic and Political Changes

15. Today’s Activity
Read the article “Has the Arab Spring Failed?” in the Upfront Magazine you picked up on your way in.
Write one sentence summarizing what the Arab Spring is.
Create a cause and effect mind map of the Arab Spring.
Then write one paragraph about whether you think the Arab Spring was successful in creating democracy or if it has created more issues for the region. PROVIDE SUPPORT AND EXPLAIN!