1. How does America expand from “Sea to Shining Sea”?
MANIFEST DESTINY
How does America expand from “Sea to Shining Sea”?

2. persecution (Mormons)
Westward Expansion
Manifest Destiny: US was destined (God’s will) to expand to the Pacific Ocean
As population expands, Americans look west for…..
1) Land
2) Business Opportunity
3)Escape religious
persecution (Mormons)

3. Mexican Pres. Santa Anna sends army to stop Austin’s mvmnt
Texas Independence
1830: American settlers in Texas clash with Mexican gov over issue of slavery & cultural issues
Stephen Austin says Americans should declare Texas indp.
Mexican Pres. Santa Anna sends army to stop Austin’s mvmnt

4. Remember the Alamo!
Small group of Texas rebels capture the Alamo, takes Mex. Army 13 days to win battle, Santa Anna executes survivors
Inspired by the Alamo, Sam Houston’s rebels (along w/ Tejanos) capture Santa Anna, force him to sign Treaty of Velasco
Texas gets independence, Houston becomes President of Republic of Texas
Discuss/VQ: Why do you think the Battle of the Alamo became a turning point in the war?

5. Mexican-American War
Texas & Mexico begin having borders disputes
Dec 1845: Pres. Polk convinces Texas to join US
1846: Polk proposes new Texas/Mexico borders, also wants Mexico to sell New Mexico & California to US – Mexico refuses
Polk sends Gen. John Fremont into CA, Mexican Army crosses into US , Polk asks for declaration of war

6. Results of the War
American settlers seize Sonoma, declare Republic of California, Californios also fighting the Mexican army
: Oregon & Gadsden Purchase allow more expansion
1848: Gold found in California, 49ers begin mining gold – everyone wants to go west
Mexico loses war, signs Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848), gives US land up to the Pacific – US pays $15 million for land

7. California Gold Rush
VQ/Discuss: What was the impact of the gold rush on California, the miners and businessmen?