1. Nationalism Review

2. Nationalism What is Nationalism? What is Self-Determination?
A feeling of strong devotion to one’s country - (a group that shares common language and heritage)
What is Self-Determination?
Belief that a nation has the right to rule themselves (self-rule)

3. Latin America (early 1800s)
Causes
Effects
Key Player
-American & French Revolutions
Enlightenment Ideas & Educated Class (Creoles)
Harsh Spanish Rule/ Mercantilism
-Independence!
Regionalism
Economic dependence on West (cash-crop economies)
Unequal land and wealth distribution
-Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Toussaint L’Ouverture

4. Germany (1870s) Causes Effects Key Player
-Rise of Prussia & the Zollverein (trade union)
-“Blood & Iron” (militarism)
-Realpolitik
-Franco-Prussian War
-Unified Germany under Kaiser William I
-Becomes strong and militaristic
-Upsets Balance of Power  WWI
-Otto Von Bismarck

5. Italy (1870s) Causes Effects Key Player -Weak Italian city-states
-Diplomacy and War (drive out Austrian power)
Created one unified Italian State
Victor Emmanuel crowned King
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Guiseppe Mazzini
Camillo di Cavour

6. Ireland(1845-1995) Causes Effects Key Player Mass Migration
Independent Ireland with North Ireland ruled by British
-Terrorism between Protestant North and Catholic
-English control of Ireland
Irish Potato Famine- British continued taking healthy crops
Bitterness between Irish Catholics and Protestants
-Irish Republican Army (IRA)- a terrorist group

7. India (1920s-1940s) Causes Effects Key Player Partition of India
Independent Hindu India & Muslim Pakistan
Religious and Ethnic Conflict
Nuclear proliferation
Indian Democracy
- British Imperialism
-Sepoy Mutiny (anti-West)
–Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience (Salt March, boycott, fasting)
Indian National Congress
Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru

8. Zionism (Mid-1800s-1947) (movement to create homeland for Jews in Palestine)
Causes
Effects
Key Player
- Anti-Semitism
-Balfour Declaration (British support of cause)
-Holocaust
1948 Israel a Jewish state formed
Major conflict between Israel and neighboring Arab countries
Palestinian Arab refugees
Peace prevented by extremists
Israeli settlement building
-Theodor Herzl
-U.N.
-Palestine Liberation Organization
-1979 Camp David Accords (Sadat & Begin)
-1993 Oslo Peace Accords (Arafat & Rabin)

9. China (1839-1920s) Causes Effects Key Player
Western Imperialism (Opium War & Treaty of Nanjing)
Spheres of Influence
Weakness of Qing dynasty
Boxer Rebellion (anti- West)
1911-overthrow of Qing dynasty and form representative gov’t
-Rise of Guomindang or Nationalist Party
1949-China becomes Communist
Sun Yixian (SunYat-sen)
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

10. Africa (Post- WWII) Causes Effects Key Player
European empires weakened (post WWII)
African colonies helped European war effort
Independent African nations
Ethnic Conflict (Rwanda, Sudan)
Poverty/ disease of developing nations
corrupt government
Jomo Kenyatta
Kwame Nkrumah
Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu

11. Balkans (Eastern Europe)
Causes
Effects
Key Player
Balkan Powder Keg WWI (assassination of Archduke Ferdinand)
Bosnian conflict: Ethnic cleansing Serbs vs. Muslims
The Black Hand, Gavrilo Princip
Slobodan Milosevic
Many ethnic groups under rule of empires (Austria-Hungary)
- End of communism break up of Yugoslavia

12. Former USSR (1991) Causes Effects Key Player
-Communist Reforms (glasnost and perestroika)
- Desire for Self-Rule among satellites and soviet republics in Eastern Europe
Collapse of Soviet Union
Independent Eastern European nations and Russia  form democracy
Mikhail Gorbachev
Boris Yeltsin