1. Classification of Living Things
7th Diversity of Living things (Mod B) U1L5

2. History of Classifying: daily life
Aristotle (over 2000 years ago)
* classified organisms as animal or plant Where lived? Size?
* too many exceptions
2. Carolus Linnaeus ( late 18th century)
* grouped organisms with similar structures.
* used 2-word system to name species (binomial nomenclature)

3. * Not only external & internal features but also - genetic makeup
Modern systems based on phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism. (How organism has changed over time.)
* Not only external & internal features but also
- genetic makeup
-fossil ancestry
-embryo development
Phylogenetic tree

4. Today we use 6 kingdoms. Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Bacteria
Archaea
BrainPop – 6 kingdoms

5. There are three domains used in classification today
Domain Eukarya
Includes Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi and Kingdom Protista
Domain Bacteria
Includes Kingdom Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Includes Kingdom Archaea

6. * Species is smallest category. (subspecies)
* Domain is first & largest category.
* Species is smallest category. (subspecies)
Domain Eukarya

7. Organisms in the same species can mate & produce fertile offspring
Organisms in the same species can mate & produce fertile offspring. (Today we use DNA to determine species.)
More classification groups organisms share, the more closely related they are.

8. Steller’s sea lio n Walrus Northern fur seal Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Pinnipedia Pinnipedia Pinnipedia Family Otariidae Odobenidae Otariidae Genus Eumetopias Odobenus Callorhinus Species jubatus rosmarus urinus

9. Common names can be misleading. ex. Jellyfish Is it a fish???
Can have same common name for different species.
ex. robin
Turdus migratorius
Eopsaltria australis
Erithacus rubecula

10. Binomial Nomenclature (scientific names)
Binomial Nomenclature (scientific names) ** Might tell you what organism looks like, where it is found, or who discovered it.
Genus name – capitalized both italicized
Species name – lowercase or underlined
Acer rubrum or Acer rubrum
Acer saccharum or Acer saccharum (
10 Ridiculous scientific names -

11. Why use scientific names?
To avoid mistakes.
To show that organisms in the same genus are related.
To give descriptive information.
ex. Turdus migratorius
To allow information to be organized.

12. Tools for Identifying Organisms:
Field guides – pictures & descriptions of organisms.
Cladograms
Dichotomous Keys
* Detailed lists of identifying characteristics that include scientific names.

13. Cladograms (“branching diagrams”)
Shows relationships between species
Organisms grouped by common characteristics (in this cladogram)
Characteristics listed along line
Branches of organisms extend from line
Organisms on branches above line have that characteristic
Comparing DNA Sequences -
Describes how DNA is used to see relationships between organisms
Only show through 4:10 (it gets too technical after that)
– implication that humans are “nothing special” - discuss

14.                                                                                                                                 
Right side is deer mouse