3. FACTS The corpus luteum originates from the ovulatory follicle
After ovulation
Theca interna and granulosa cells undergo a dramatic transformation
Transformation is governed by Luteinizing hormone
Corpus Luteum >>>>> Luteinizing hormone

4. Cells of the corpus luteum
Cells of Theca and granulosa become luteal cells
Theca cells >>> small luteal cells
Granulosa cells >>> large luteal cells
Both luteal cells can make progesterone
But
Large luteal cells make the majority of progesterone

5. Chief Hormone for luteolysis is
LUTE = luteal tissue
LYSIS = break down , decomposition
Chief Hormone for luteolysis is
Prostaglandin F2a
But without uterus luteolysis cannot take place !!

6. Luteal oxytocin stimulates PGF2 synthesis

7. Endocrinology of the Male
Inhibin (Sertoli)
Testosterone (Leydig)
LH & FSH

8. Interstitial Leydig cells Androgen Binding Protein
LH >>>>>> theca interna cells >>>>>> Androgen
Interstitial Leydig cells
Testosterone
Sertoli cells
FSH >>>>> granulosal cells >>>>> Estradiol
Inhibin
Androgen Binding Protein
Other factors
Sertoli cells

9. I I Sertoli LH T T Leydig T FSH E2 E2 T = testosterone E2= Estradiol
I = Inhibin
Sertoli I
FSH I LH E2 T E2 T
Leydig T

10. All chromosomes duplicate
Develops at the onset
of Puberty
Bovine Spermatogenesis
Takes 43
Days
21 Days
Mitotic
Division
Spermatocytogenesis
Initial cells -provides base
cell to start cell divisions
All chromosomes duplicate
Reduction Division
20 Days
Meiosis I
2 Days
Meiosis II
Morphological change
in Shape
Second Phase
17 Days
Total 60-63
Days

11. Spermiogenesis Cont. Four Phases of Spermiogenesis 1) Golgi phase
2) Cap phase
3) Acrosomal phase
4) Maturation phase

12. 2 Cap phase = acrosomic vesicle spreading over nucleus
INNER and OUTER acrosomic membrane
Distal centriole from the Flagellum "axoneme"

14. Cervix Uterine Body & oviduct
Capacitation factors

15. Capacitating
factors
Hyper active Sperms

16. Fig 12-9

17. Nucleus

18. (biochemical changes of ZP)
Cortical reaction
Acrosome reaction and release of enzymes ZP
ZONA BLOCKING
(biochemical changes of ZP)

20. Post Hatching events Development of extra-embryonic Membranes
Massive growth of the conceptus
Cow: from 3 mm to 250 mm in 4 days
Development of :
- Yolk sac = Site of primordial germ cells
- Chorion = Give rise to Placenta
- Amnion = protective sac
- Allantios = waste house

21. Development of the Yolk sac
Figure 13-3
Development of the Yolk sac
Fusion of the trophoblast with endoderm and development of chorion
Regression of the Yolk sac and expansion of allantois
Fusion of chorion membrane, development of Amnion sac, development of placental membrane

22. Fetus Signals "Trophoblastic Protein"
between d 13 to d 21
Glycoprotein
"interferon-tau (IFN )"
IFN  binds with endometrium receptors
Blockage of oxytocin receptors

23.  Pregnancy Cattle and Sheep "interferon-tau (IFN )"
between d 13 to d 21
IFN  binds with endometrium receptors
Blockage of oxytocin receptors
(no oxytocin action!)
No increase in PGF2 secretion 
Pregnancy
No CL regression (progesterone stays high!)

24. Figure 13-6

25. MARE
The conceptus migrate within the uterus between 12 to 14 times per day
Conceptus touches receptors in the endometrium and initiates the signaling
Maintenance of CL
Inhibition of PGF2 secretion

26. Placenta classification
Fig 14-1
Placenta classification
Based on
Chorionic villi
1. Diffuse
2. Cotyledonary
3. Zonary
4. Discord

27. Placenta classification Based on Placental Layers
Epitheliochorial
Endothelio chorial
Hemo chorial
Hemo endothelial

28. Fig 14-11

29. Fig 14-11