1. Reproduction

2. Reproduction
When organisms (living things) produce more of their own kind.
Required for the survival of the SPECIES
There are 2 types of reproduction:

3. I. Asexual Reproduction
Does NOT involve the union of sex cells
Only 1 parent
Offspring is genetically IDENTICAL to the parent
Ex: binary fission (bacteria), budding, regeneration, etc.

4. Binary Fission (bacteria and protists)

5. Budding (Yeast)

6. Budding (Hydra)

7. Regeneration

8. Asexual Reproduction
New Organisms develop from a cell or cells of a single parent
Have characteristics (traits) identical to the parent
Done by mitosis
No genetic variation

9. How do cells multiply?? MITOSIS
Cells multiply by dividing themselves in HALF
MITOSIS – asexual reproduction
Click below for mitosis animations

10. II. Sexual Reproduction
Sex cells - egg (female) and sperm (male) - must unite to produce offspring
Two parents (male and female)
Offspring are NOT identical to parents
they share traits from both parents.

11. Labradoodle

12. III Fertilization
The union of egg cell (female) and sperm cell (male). Also called gametes
May be:
External – occurs OUTSIDE the body of the female
Fish, amphibians (water environment)
many eggs/lower survival rate
Internal – occurs INSIDE the body of the female.
Reptiles, birds, mammals
fewer eggs/higher survival rate

13. IV - How are sex cells made? MEIOSIS
Sex Cells (aka GAMETES) only have half of the genetic material from the parent
Human body cells 46 chromosomes
Human Egg cell chromosomes
Human Sperm - 23 chromosomes
Egg + Sperm = 1 Zygote with 46 chromosomes which eventually becomes a BABY

14. MEIOSIS The name of cell division that results in SEX cells is MEIOSIS

15. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis Has 1 division
results in TWO identical “daughter cells”
SAME # of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis
Has 2 divisions
results in 4 SEX CELLS
HALF the chromosomes of parent cell

16. Mitosis/Meiosis
Mitosis is the process that aids in the production of body cells for growth and repair
Meiosis is the process that aids in the production of sex cells for reproduction

17. Body Cells 1. Every cell in your body has 46 chromosomes (diploid).
2. You receive a set of 23 from your mother's egg and a matching set of 23 from your father's sperm (haploid).
3. These chromosomes are the genetic material inside nearly every cell of your body.

18. Sex Cells
1. Sex cells – made during meiosis, a cellular division process that is different than mitosis.
2. Meiosis – Produces new cells with half the usual number of chromosomes.
a. When the sex cells are made, the chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus divides twice
b. The resulting sperm and egg have half the number of chromosomes found in a normal body cell.

19. 4 2 Significance Halved for fertilization Role Reproduction
Body Cell Reproduction
Sex Cell Reproduction
Role
Growth and Repair
Reproduction
Where process occurs
Cells in all parts of body
Gonads
Number of chromosomes in resulting cells
Same number as in parent cell
Humans 46
Half the number as in parent cell
Humans 23
Number of cells that result 2 4
Significance
All information is passed on
Halved for fertilization

20. Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System – the main function of the male reproductive system is to produce and deliver sperm
Testicle (testes) – pair of male gonads contained in small pouch called the scrotum
produce sperm and testosterone
Urethra - tube which carries semen and millions of sperm. It runs thru the penis outside of the body

21. Male Reproductive System

22. Female Reproductive System
the main function is to produce ova (egg cells) and provide a safe place for the developing embryo (baby)
1. Ovary (Ovaries) – pair of female gonads located in the abdominal cavity close to the fallopian tubes.
a. Produce eggs (release 1 mature OVUM per month) and secrete estrogen (female hormone)
OVUM – the female gamete – 1 EGG
2. Uterus – a hollow pear shaped muscular sac
Fallopian tubes lead to the uterus
3. Cervix muscular ring at the bottom of the uterus (dilates in labor)
4. Vagina (birth canal) – tube that connects the cervix to the outside of the body.

23. Female Reproductive System