1. The Chemical Basis of Life
Or, why do we need to know chemistry in biology??

2. Heirarchy of organization

3. Elements can be put together to form compounds (and molecules)
2H + 1O = H2O
2H + 2O = H2O2
CO2 CO

4. Chemical bonding
Can be weak
Loser
Gainer
Can be strong

5. Chemical bonds vs. energy
creating bonds
breaking bonds
Enzymes –

6. Who the heck cares??

9. Organic macromolecules of Life

10. Carbon is the basis of life
C, H, O, N are major life molecules
Carbon likes to bond
Food builds life

11. MONOMERS
Monomers

13. Condensation reaction
or dehydration synthesis

14. Hydrolysis

15. Carbohydrates CHO Monomer is a monosaccharide
Glucose, fructose, galactose
disaccharide
polysaccharide
QUICK NRG (sugars) and regulate body (fiber)

16. Carbohydrates can store energy for short term
Animals – as glycogen in liver, chiton in exoskeleton
Plants – as starch and cellulose fiber
Complex sugars like veggies (polysaccharides) are harder to digest, but give more NRG

17. Lipids CHO in long chains More than 2x the NRG of carbo’s
Monomer is a fatty acid + alcohol
Fat, waxes, steroids, hormones, cholesterol,
Long term NRG storage
insulation; organ protection major part of cell
hydrophobic

18. Proteins CHON, and functional group known as “R” Monomer is Amino Acid
Peptide bonds
Alanine, lysine, tryptophan
Structural component – hair, skin, muscle
Catalysts for chemical RXN’s
Maintain Homeostasis in cells, muscle contraction, antibodies, some hormones

19. Enzymes Special type of protein Acts to catalyze chemical RXNs
Only work within specific conditions of temp, pH and amounts

21. Nucleic Acids CHON + phosphate group Monomer is nucleotide
DNA, RNA, ATP
Genetic material (DNA, RNA)
“directions”, makes proteins
Useable NRG of cell (ATP - adenosine tri-phosphate

22. Water’s Wet… Makes up 85% of human body maintain homeostasis
excellent solvent – “dissolves” our food!
transport molecules in and out of cells

23. Healthy Diet includes:
Organic compounds
Carbo’s
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Inorganic Compounds
Water
Minerals