1. The Annexation of Hawaii

2. An independent Hawaii In 1863, Hawaii was independent
Ruled by a Queen Liliukalani

3. Businesses become interested…
American sugar and pineapple growers became interested in Hawaii’s resources
They deposed [overthrew] the queen

4. How’d they do that?

5. Article Qs
Answer the questions on the back of your paper

6. The “Hawaiian Revolution”
How did businessmen depose the Queen? Who helped them?
Why did these people say they wanted to overthrow her? What were their real goals?
What was the Queen’s response?
How did colonization affect Native Hawaiians in the long term?
How did the Hawaiian Revolution begin?

7. Next steps The businessmen lobbied for the U.S. to annex Hawaii
In his last month, President Harrison sent an annexation treaty to Congress
When President Cleveland came into office he withdrew it

8. Cleveland’s conclusion
American minister to Hawaii had conspired to overthrow the Queen
Cleveland said "the provisional government owes its existence to an armed invasion by the United States. By an act of war...a substantial wrong has been done."

9. Congressional Conflict
Cleveland recommended that the monarchy be restored
Congress rejected this proposal

11. Sanford Dole
Pineapple businessman declared himself President of Hawaii
His new government found the Queen guilty of treason
$5,000 fine
Placed under house arrest

12. Becoming American…
President McKinley called for a joint resolution of Congress
U.S. formally annexed Hawaii in 1900
It became a state in 1959

13. Modern connections
1993 – Congressional resolution, signed by Bill Clinton, apologized for America’s role in the overthrow.

14. Population 38.6% Asian 23.6% from Two or More Races 22.7% White
10.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
8.9% Hispanic/Latino
1.6% Black or African American