1. Sequencing algorithms for multiple machines
Operations scheduling, Nahmias

2. Sequencing Algorithms for multiple machines
Assume that n jobs are to be processed through m machines.
The number of possible schedule is staggering, even for moderate values of both n and m.
For each machine there are n! different ordering of the jobs.
If the jobs may be processed on the machines in any order, it follows that there are (n!)m possible schedules.
For example, for n=5 and m=5, there are 24,833x1010 , possible schedules.

3. 2 jobs-2 machines Example
Job I 4 1
Job J
Mean Flow Time
Mean Idle Time
Total Flow Time
(or Makespan)
Machine 1
Machine 2 I J 4 5 9 9 6 10
(5+9)/2= 7
(5+6)/2=5.5
(6+10)/2=8
(10+9)/2=9.5
(4+4)/2= 4
(1+1)/2=1
(5+5)/2=5
Machine 1
Machine 2 I J 1 5 6
Machine 1
Machine 2 6 5 10 I J 1
Machine 1
Machine 2 I J 4 5 9 10

4. Example 8.5 Job Machine A Machine B 1 5 2 6 3 9 7 4 8 10
What is the optimal job sequence ? 2 4 3 5 1

5. Extension to three machines
The problem of scheduling jobs on three machines is considerably more complex.
The three machine problem can be reduced to a two machine problem if the following condition is satisfied:
Label the machines A, B and C
Ai = Processing time of job i on machine A. (Bi ,Ci are defined as similar)
min Ai ≥ max Bi or min Ci ≥ max Bi
Define Ai‘ = Ai + Bi and define Bi‘ = Bi + Ci

6. Example 8.5 Job Machine A Machine B Machine C 1 4 5 8 2 9 6 10 3 7 11
min Ai = 4
max Bi = 6
min Ci = 6
Check the conditions
min Ai ≥ max Bi or min Ci ≥ max Bi
Required condition is satisfied.
Job
Machine A
Machine B 1 9 13 2 15 16 3 10 8 4 5
What is the optimal job sequence ? 1 4 5 2 3

7. The two-shop Flow shop problem
Assume that two jobs are to be processed through m machines.
Each job must be processed by the machines in a particular order, but sequences for the two jobs need not to be the same.
A graphical procedure for solving this problem is developed by Aker (1954)

8. Aker’s Algorithm Draw a Cartesian coordinate system.
Processing times for first job on the horizontal axis
Processing times for second job on the vertical axis
On each axis, mark off the operation times in the order in which the operations must be performed for that job.
Block out areas corresponding to each machine at the intersection of the intervals marked for that machine on the two axis.
Determine a path from origin to the end of final block that does not intersect any of the blocks and that minimizes the vertical movement.

9. Example 8.7 Job 1 Job 2 Job 1 Job 2 Operation Time A 3 B 4 C 56 7 8 9 10 11 12
Job 2
Operation
Time A 3 B 4 C 5
Operation
Time A 3 B 4 C 5 C B A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A B C 13 14 15 A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2