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Georeferencing Introduction: Collaboration to Automation
John Wieczorek Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley
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Georeferencing Collaborations Automation testing slide 2
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Georeferencing Collaborations Automation testing slide 2
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What is a georeference? testing slide 2
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A numerical description of a place that can be mapped.
What is a georeference? A numerical description of a place that can be mapped. testing slide 2
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A numerical description of a place that can be mapped.
What is a georeference? A numerical description of a place that can be mapped. testing slide 2 In other words…
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What we have: Localities we can read
ID Species Locality 1 Lynx rufus Dawson Rd. N Whitehorse 2 Pudu puda cerca de Valdivia 3 Canis lupus 20 mi NW Duluth 4 Felis concolor Pichi Trafúl 5 Lama alpaca near Cuzco 6 Panthera leo San Diego Zoo 7 Sorex lyelli Lyell Canyon, Yosemite 8 Orcinus orca 1 mi W San Juan Island 9 Ursus arctos Bear Flat, Haines Junction
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Darwin Core Location Terms
higherGeography waterbody, island, islandGroup continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, county, municipality locality minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, minimumDepthInMeters, maxaximumDepthInMeters
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What we want: Localities we can map
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Darwin Core Georeference Terms
decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude geodeticDatum coordinateUncertaintyInMeters georeferencedBy, georeferenceProtocol georeferenceSources georeferenceVerificationStatus georeferenceRemarks coordinatePrecision pointRadiusSpatialFit footprintWKT, footprintSRS, footprintSpatialFit
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A numerical description of a place that can be mapped.
What is a georeference? A numerical description of a place that can be mapped. testing slide 2
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“Davis, Yolo County, California”
testing slide 2 Coordinates: Horizontal Geodetic Datum: NAD27 “point method”
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Data Quality data have the potential to be used in ways unforeseen when collected. the value of the data is directly related to the fitness for a variety of uses. “as data become more accessible many more uses become apparent.” – Chapman 2005 the GBIF Best Practices (Chapman and Wieczorek 2006) promote data quality and fitness for use.
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What is an acceptable georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped and that describes the spatial extent of a locality and its associated uncertainties. testing slide 2
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“bounding-box method”
“Davis, Yolo County, California” testing slide 2 Coordinates: Horizontal Geodetic Datum: NAD27 “bounding-box method”
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“point-radius method”
“Davis, Yolo County, California” testing slide 2 Coordinates: Horizontal Geodetic Datum: NAD27 Maximum Uncertainty: 8325 m “point-radius method”
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What is an ideal georeference?
A numerical description of a place that can be mapped and that describes the spatial extent of a locality and its associated uncertainties as well as possible. testing slide 2
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“Davis, Yolo County, California”
testing slide 2 “shape method”
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“20 mi E Hayfork, California”
“probability method”
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Method Comparison point easy to produce no data quality bounding-box
simple spatial queries difficult quality assessment point-radius easy quality assessment difficult spatial queries shape accurate representation complex, uniform probability accurate representation complex, non-uniform
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uses point-radius representation of georeferences
MaNIS/HerpNET/ORNIS (MHO) Guidelines uses point-radius representation of georeferences circle encompasses all sources of uncertainty about the location methodology formalizes assumptions, algorithms, and documentation standards that promote reproducible results methods are universally applicable
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Darwin Core Georeference Terms
decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude geodeticDatum coordinateUncertaintyInMeters georeferencedBy, georeferenceProtocol georeferenceSources georeferenceVerificationStatus georeferenceRemarks coordinatePrecision pointRadiusSpatialFit footprintWKT, footprintSRS, footprintSpatialFit
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Georeferencing Collaborations Automation testing slide 2
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Collaborative Distributed Databases for Vertebrates
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Collaborations testing slide 2
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MaNIS Localities Georeferenced
n = 326k localities (1.4M specimens) r = 14 localities/hr (point-radius method) t = 3 yrs (~40 georeferencers)
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ORNIS Localities Georeferenced
n = 267k localities (1.4M specimens) r = 30 localities/hr (point-radius method) t = 2 yrs (~30 georeferencers)
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Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~2.5x109 records testing slide 2
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Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~2.5x109 records ~6 records per locality* ~14 localities per hour* testing slide 2 * based on the MaNIS Project
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Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~2.5x109 records ~6 records per locality* ~14 localities per hour* testing slide 2 ~15,500 years * based on the MaNIS Project
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Scope of the Problem for Natural History Collections
~2.5x109 records ~6 records per locality* ~14 (30) localities per hour* testing slide 2 ~15,500 (7233) years * based on the MaNIS (ORNIS) Project
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Georeferencing Collaborations Automation testing slide 2
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MaNIS Georeferencing Calculator
Automation Combining the Best in Georeferencing GADM GeoLocate BioGeomancer testing slide 2 MaNIS Georeferencing Calculator
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Global Administrative Boundaries:
GADM Global Administrative Boundaries:
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Georeferencing Calculator:
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