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Pablo Sastre Olmos Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 7 May 2008
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Geographic Information Systems
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Mapping criteria must be relevant for the organisms or processes studied
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1 km Mapa 1:50.000 1 km 1:18.000 1 km 1:6.500 1 x 1 Km UTM 30T VK3796 Analysis at different resolution scales
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Stream Density (m/ha) at different scales
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Analysis at different extents (area of samples)
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Query by attribute: show the location Spatial query: show the attributes
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Storage of attributes Raster model (digital code)
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Vector model (table associated to objects) Storage of attributes
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Raster Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Vector Contour lines (dist.=500m)
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Georeferencing Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-World” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain Geographic references
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Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-Europe” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain Georeferencing Geographic references
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Limits Land - Sea: - Continents - Islands, archipelagos Administrative limits: - Countries - Regions - Provinces - Counties - Districts, etc. Streets, roads (post addresses) Rivers, etc. Mountains, etc. ¿What?: Phylum, Species, Sex,... ¿How?: BasisOfRecord, PreparationType ¿Who?: Collector,... ¿When?: YearCollected,... ¿Where?: ContinentOcean Country Province County Locality Longitude Latitude CoordinatePrecision, BoundingBox MaximumElevation, MaxDepth,... Darwin Core Fields Systems of X,Y coordinates Lat./Long. (decimal degrees) UTM (metres, …) Etc. Geographic references
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Birds Colection – Spanish Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC) Genus Parus Forest Genus Circus Agriculture Madrid / Counties
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Historical Data Example: Country = Nueva Granada Virreinato de Nueva Granada (1718-1819) (Colombia, Panamá, Venezuela, Ecuador) República de Nueva Granada (1830-1861) (Colombia, Panamá)
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Dorcadion (J. Lauffer, 1899-1902)
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