1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
1-4 Tools and Procedures
Photo Credit: © Andrew Syred/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

2. A Common Measurement System
Most scientists use the __________ ____________ when collecting data and performing experiments.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

3. A Common Measurement System
Because the metric system is based on multiples of _______________, it is easy to use.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

4. A Common Measurement System
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)
1 meter = 1000 millimeters (mm)
1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km)
1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 gram = 1000 milligrams (mg)
1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton (t)
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3)
00C = freezing point of water
1000C = boiling point of water
Scientists usually use the metric system in their work. This system is easy to use because it is based on multiples of 10.
Remember your metric prefixes! KHDkBDCM
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

5. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Microscopes
Microscopes
Microscopes are devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Microscopes
Light Microscopes
The most commonly used microscope is the light microscope.
Light microscopes produce clear images of objects at a magnification of _______________X.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Microscopes
Compound light microscopes allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Light Microscopes
Used to view living or dead specimens.
Light passes ______________ the specimen; therefore, samples must be VERY thin.
ALWAYS begin with the ______________ objective in place and focus.
ONLY use the _____________ adjustment knob with the scanning objective!!!
ALWAYS put the _____________ objective in place before returning the microscope.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

9. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Microscopes
Electron Microscopes
To study even smaller objects, scientists use electron microscopes.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Electron Microscopes
Magnify images ________________times!
Specimens must be dehydrated and viewed in a vacuum.
There are two kinds:
____________________________________
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscope
Gives a beautiful 3D image of the ________________ of the specimen.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

12. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
TEM
Transmission Electron Microscope Gives amazing detail of the ____________ of the specimen
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13. Laboratory Techniques
Cell Cultures
A single cell is able to reproduce so that a group of cells, called a _______________, develops from the single original cell.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

14. Laboratory Techniques
Cell Fractionation
Biologists often use a technique known as cell fractionation to separate the different cell parts.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

15. Working Safely in Biology
Follow safe practices.
Study the safety rules.
Read all the steps and safety precautions.
Follow your teacher’s instructions and textbook directions exactly.
If in doubt, ask your teacher for an explanation.
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water after every scientific activity.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall