1. HOT AND DRY CLIMATE

2. GENERAL
WE ALL KNOW THAT OUR HABITAT/ BUILDINGS ETC ARE GREATELY INFLUENCED BY MANY FACTORS AND THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR AMON SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR AN ARCHITECT TO KNOW ABOUT DIFFERENT REGIONS AND THEIR CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS SO THAT HE OR SHE CAN PLAN ACCORDINGLY AND EFFECTIVELY.

3. HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE PREVAILS AROUND 15 DEGREE FROM EQUATOR IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND 30 DEGREES FROM EQUATOR IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

4. HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
IN INDIA THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE CAN BE EXPERIANCED IN RAJASTHAN, GUJRAT , MAHARASHTRA AND SOME PARTS OF MADHYA PRADESH AND KARNATKA ALSO .

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE
IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE TEMPERATURE IS USUALLY VERY HOT.
IT CAN VERY EASILY GO UPTO 50* AND EVEN MORE IN SUMMERS.
THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN DAY AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE IS VERY HIGH (15 TO 20 DEGREE CELSIES).
HUMIDITY
DUE TO VERY HOT AND HARSH SUN RAYS.
HUMIDITY IS VERY LOW.
IT GENERALLY VARIES BETWEEN 10 TO 50 PERCENTAGE.
PRECIPITATION
AS THE AIR IS TOTALLY HOT & DRY IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
PRECIPITATION IS VERY LOW.
IT MAY VARY BETWEEN 50 TO 150 mm PER YEAR.

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
PRECIPITATION

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
SKY CONDETIONS
SKY IS NORMALLY CLEAR AND BLUE IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
SOME TIMES DUST STORMS FILL COMPLETE SKY.
AND THESE DUSTY SKIES CREATE UNBERABLE GLARE.
SOLAR RADIATIONS
SOLAR RADIATIONS ARE DIRECT AND STRONG DURING DAY TIMES.
AND THESE OFTEN ESCAPES INTO OPEN CLEAR SKIES DURING NIGHTS.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
WIND
HIGH SPEED DUSTY WINDS ARE VERY COMMON FOR THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
WIND SPEED MAY VARY BETWEEN 20 TO 30 KILOMETER PER HAUR.
WIND OFTEN CHANGE DIRECTIONS LOCALLY.
SOIL AND VEGITATION
SOIL IS VERY LOOSE AND SANDY
LOW HUMIDITY AND LESS RAIN FALL RESULTS IN POOR VEGETATION.
ONLY THICK LEAVES AND THORNY PLANTS CAN EASILY SURVIVE HERE.

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
SOIL AND VEGITATION

11. MAIN AIM ARCHITECTS MAIN AIM IS TO AVOID HOT SUN AS FAR AS POSSIBLE.
TO CAPTURE AS MUCH COOL AIR AS POSSIBLE.
TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FROM DUST STORMS.

12. HOT AND DRY ZONES.

13. HOT AND DRY ZONES.

14. RURAL ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND DRY ZONES.
EXTERNAL LOOK IS ALMOST DEAD TO AVOID SUN,
EXTERIOR IS LIGHT IN COLOUR AGAIN TO AVOID ABSORPTION OF HEAT.
SURFACE AREA EXPOSED TO SUN IS MINIMUM.
UNITS ARE EMBEDDED DEEP INTO GROUND.

15. HOT AND DRY ZONES. THICKER MUD WALLS ACT AS GOOD INSULATING MATERIALS.
SMALLER SIZE OF WINDOWS LIMITS GLARE OF SOLAR RADIATIONS.
STREETS ARE NARROW.
UNITS ARE VERY CLOSELY PLACED.

16. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
ORIENTATION
NORTH –SOUTH ORIENTATION BEST SUITS FOR THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE AS IT PROTECTS FROM MORNING AND EVENING SOLAR RADIATIONS.
APART FROM THIS LOCAL SITE CONDETIONS AND ITS SURROUNDINGS ALSO PLAYS MAJOR ROLE IN DECIDING ORIENTATION .
BEDROOMS SHOULD BE ORIENTED TO RECEIVE COOL NIGHT AIR.

17. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
HOUSE PLANS
COMPACT PLANS ARE PREFFRED AS THESE WILL EXPOSE MINIMUM SURFACE TO HARSH SOLAR RADIATIONS.
DEEPER ROOMS ARE BETTER AGAINST HOT OUTSIDE SOLAR RADIATIONS.
INWARD LOOKING PLANS BEST SUITS FOR THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE AS THESE STRAIGHT AWAY PROTECT US FROM EXTERNAL SOLAR HEAT AND RADIATIONS.

18. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
SUN RAYS WILL
BE LESS
HARSH
HERE.
HOUSE PLANS
WINDOW
WINDOW

19. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
HOUSE PLANS
COURTYARD PLANNING ALONG WITH SOME TREES AND SMALL WATER BODY CREATES VERY GOOD COOL MICROCLIMATE AS EVAPORATIVE COOLING EFFECTS OCCURES IN THIS TYPE OF COURTYARD.
5. THICKER EXTERNAL WALLS WITH MINIMUM WINDOWS SHOULD BE USED TO AVOID HEAT AND SOLAR RADIATIONS.
6. HEAT PRODUCING AREAS SHOULD BE SEPARATED FROM OTHER AREAS OF HOUSE.

20. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
COURT YARD WITH SMALL TREE
THICK EXTERNAL WALLS

21. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
ROOFS
ROOF SHOULS BE INSULATED FROM HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS.
THICKER INSULATING MATERIALS SHOULD BE USED FOR THIS.
A LIGHT COLOURED OR TOTALLY WHITE TERRACE SURFACE WILL REDUCE EFFECT OF HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS.
ROOFS SHOULD BE MADE HIGHER SO THAT RADIATIONS FROM CEILING IS LESS HARSH AND THERE IS ENOUGH SPACE FOR HOT DICIPATED AIR.

22. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
WALLS
THE WALLS OF DAY TIME LIVING AREAS SHOULD BE MADE OF HEAT STORING MATERIALS SO THAT THESE CAN STORE HEAT IN DAY TIME AND KEEP THE INSIDE COOL AND RADIATE HOT SOLAR RADIATION BACK IN TO ATMOSPHERE DURING NIGHT.
EASTERN AND WESTERN WALLS SHOULD BE SHADED WITH TREES OR SOME OTHER SCREENS.
DOUBLE WALL CONSTRUCTION WITH PROPER VENTILATION MAY ALSO BE CONSTRUCTED ON WESTERN SIDE.

23. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS

24. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
OPENINGS
EXTERNAL OPENINGS SHOULD BE SMALL.
EASTERN AND WESTERN SIDE WINDOWS SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY TREES.
LARGE GLASS AREAS SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
DEEP SUN SHADES ARE REQUIRED TO SHADE WINDOWS EFFICTEVELY.
IT WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVE,IF WE SOME HOW ,SEPARATE OUR SUN SHADES FROM MAIN STRUCTURE .
WINDOW SILLSHOULD BE HIGHER TO PROVIDE DUST PROTECTION

25. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
INTERIORS
LIGHT COOL COLOURS SHOULD BE USED FOR INTERIORS .
SURFACES THAT MAY REFLECT RADIATIONS SHOULD BE PAINTED DARK TO REDUCE GLARING EFFECT.
EXTERIORS
DARK SURFACES SHOULD BE AVOIDED AS THESE WOULD ABSORB HEAT.
LIGHT COLOURED /SHINEY REFLECTIVE SURFACES SHOULD BE USED TO REFLECT SOLAR HEAT.
PROVIDE AS MUCH GREEN SURFACE AS POSSIBLE AS THIS WILL COOL THE SURROUNDINGS.
AVOID HARD PAVED SURFACES AS THESE MAY CREATE GLARE AND RADIATE HEAT INSIDE THE BUILDING.

26. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
EXTERIORS
HARD PAVED SURFACE

27. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS
A WELL PROTECTED BMBEDDED IN GROUND BUILDING FIGHTS BETTER THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.

28. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
CONCRETE
HOLLOW BLOCK
HOLLOW BLOCK CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE ALSO HELP IN THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS.

29. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES ZONES
DOUBLE ROOF TECHNIQUE PROTECT MAIN STRUCTURE FROM SOLAR HEAT.

30. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
ANOTHER SLIDE SHOWING DOUBLE ROOF TECHNIQUE TO PROTECT MAIN STRUCTURE FROM SOLAR HEAT.

31. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
SOLAR
PANELS
HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS CAN BE CONVERTED IN USEFULL ELECTRICITY BY USING PHOTOVOLTIC CELLS.

32. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY
SUN PROTECTION DEVICES(PERGOLAS) ARE USED TO PROTECT FRONT FACADES OF HOT DRY REGION.

33. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
USE OF ORIAL WINDOWS AND DIFFERENT TYPE OF LOUVERED SUN SHADES ALSO REDUCE SUN’S HARSHNESS.

34. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
THICH THERMAL INSULATING MATERIAL IS USED TO PROTECT BUILDING FROM TOP SUN.

35. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
USE OF DEEPER ENTRANCE DOOR AND BROAD EAVES

36. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
EAVES TO PROTECT FROM GLARE OF SUN .

37. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
SLIDE SHOWING INTAKE OF AIR ,IN VERTICAL SECTION AND EXHAUSTS AT ROOF LEVEL

38. BUILDING OF A HOT & DRY REGION
FINALLY A COMPLETE GOOD AND EFFECTIVE
BUILDING OF A HOT & DRY REGION

39. THANK YOU